Essentially, yes, except that: 1) this is a rough categorization, there's a lot of things out there that do not fit into any single one of the categories (a convertible bond is debt, equity, derivative? a little bit of all), 2) there could be something genuinely new, outside of all the previously known categories, but it hasn't appeared so far in thousands of years (yes, I mean thousands).
Also see this video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8iNeXCAM_Ik
Just to be clear: bitcoin (or some other existing or future crypto) could become for example a currency one day. But it clearly isn't one now.