Generally government regulations like this are going to make things more expensive, not less. So these types of regulations actually give poor people fewer options.
For example, the Dodge Journey was not available in California in 2020 due to emissions regulations. This is objectively worse for poor people, since it gives them fewer options.
If taxing negative externalities causes significant cost to people who can't afford it, I'm all for subsidizing some amount of that though.
Tax externalities and then return that money averaged out over everyone as a dividend, see [0] for an example.
Therefore instituting the tax will lead to an immediate boost to those who already use less electricity, like poor people. But everyone has the same incentive for using less.
So, only people with money get to make their own decisions? Poor people have no self-determination? Why is that?