Effect of the use upon the potential market for or value of the copyrighted work: Here, courts review whether, and to what extent, the unlicensed use harms the existing or future market for the copyright owner’s original work. In assessing this factor, courts consider whether the use is hurting the current market for the original work (for example, by displacing sales of the original) and/or whether the use could cause substantial harm if it were to become widespread.
If your view of the law is correct then programming is illegal, because who among us has not read copyrighted code and used it to train our biological neural network? I suspect your view of the law is not correct.
Your analogy looks alien to me. Can you show us the link between a human and a computer program? WTF is "biological neural network"? Can you quote a law?
You seem to be confusing what you'd like the law to be with what the law is.