I don´t know for all the eu nations, but for those that I know staff researcher positions still require degrees (and there is a lot of competition to get those because they are even more limited in number than tenure track positions, just with far less requirements)
In mine in particular everyone has at least a Master Degree with some publications. One of two even got a PHD.
In mine in particular everyone has at least a Master Degree with some publications. One of two even got a PHD.