I'm not an expert but I completed a bachelor's in Neuroscience. There's definitely research, but it's not an easy setup to test. Currently what I've seen as the most popular theory is that our synapses and their arrangement, not neuronal logic, is what creates our ever-changing concept of self (consciousness)
Your synapses are constantly rearranging to process information differently (even if overall circuits remain similar) which can explain different behavior, but it's another jump entirely to say it explains selfhood
Your synapses are constantly rearranging to process information differently (even if overall circuits remain similar) which can explain different behavior, but it's another jump entirely to say it explains selfhood