The injection mod15: Z -> Z/15 is an operation and the basic idea here is mod15(pow4(x)) = pow4(mod15(x)), so I think it's correct to call it commutativity.
pow4(mod15(x)) is already in Z/15, you can't apply mod15 to it. The point is pow4ing in Z and then reducing mod 15 is the same as reducing mod 15, then pow4ing in Z/15.
It's not actually the same pow4 on the LHS and RHS (the LHS is in Z, the RHS in Z/15), but I think "commutative" still fits.
Well, how about this, if we use pow4' to be modular exponentiation, i.e. mod15 o pow4? (of course then changing mod15 to take Z -> Z so the types line up)
Then the desired statement showing commutativity is
pow4'(mod15(x)) = pow4'(x) = mod15(pow4'(x))
where that last equality is trivial because
mod15 o mod15 = mod15
so
mod15 o pow4' = mod15 o mod15 o pow4 = mod15 o pow4 = pow4'