The thing that I find surprising about the US government is that everything is a bill/law. Like instead of the transportation agency deciding to build a bridge, Congress has to pass a law to build a bridge. Does anyone know exactly why itβs set up this way?
The short answer is your idea of how things work in the US is incorrect. Building a bridge certainly doesn't require an act of Congress. Explaining transportation funding in the US is complicated because the responsibility for road building is mostly a state and local government issue and there is a variety of systems from state to state.
Federal funding to help states usually involves two methods. The first is transportation block grants where the federal government gives states money to use towards transportation at their discretion within certain constraints. The other is funding for specific projects. This funding generally involves the state applying to the federal department of transportation for funds toward a specific project. The department of transportation provides these funds out of a pool of money allocated by Congress each year. Congress plays no formal role in how these funds are disbursed. The department of transportation decides using defined set of criteria.
In the past Congress would sometimes earmark funds toward specific projects. This is rare these days as most earmarking of funds is against current congressional rules.
It's funding. If the transportation agency had money in their budget, they could just build it as far as I'm aware. Most transportation agencies don't have enough slush money to randomly build a bridge. Taxes are unpopular, people don't want to spend that much. It also means the cost is localized, so the tax increase would be higher since it's over fewer people.
The way I rationalize it is that despite the fact that it might be a bridge in Nowhere, West Virginia, it will likely have wide-reaching impacts. More trucking routes helps almost everything. If I'm a visitor, I'm going to use the bridge, so I should pay some part of that.
