I've run into many more performance issues with editor latency (i.e. tsserver) than with compiling (tsc). Unfortunately, these tend to be harder to diagnose.
The worst turned out to be a crashing bug in tsserver that manifested as autocomplete and error checking feeling sluggish, I think because the language service kept restarting. It made me feel grumpy about TS for a month or two before I finally looked at the server logs (using the instructions on this page). That quickly led me to this bug: https://github.com/microsoft/TypeScript/issues/35036. Even though it took a while to get fixed, I felt immensely better that the problem was real, acknowledged, etc.
Nowadays my biggest performance issue is with the Material-UI typings.
The worst turned out to be a crashing bug in tsserver that manifested as autocomplete and error checking feeling sluggish, I think because the language service kept restarting. It made me feel grumpy about TS for a month or two before I finally looked at the server logs (using the instructions on this page). That quickly led me to this bug: https://github.com/microsoft/TypeScript/issues/35036. Even though it took a while to get fixed, I felt immensely better that the problem was real, acknowledged, etc.
Nowadays my biggest performance issue is with the Material-UI typings.