You certainly can throw errors away in Go -- in various ways. It's one of the notable flaws in a largely cohesive, sensible language. (Which I use daily.)
I suppose my point, more specifically, is that functions return errors instead of opaquely throwing them. Most languages expect you to know where they're going to occur and catch them as close to their occurrence as possible, in Go you are explicitly carrying them along the whole way. Some people don't like this, I prefer it.
True, if you completely ignore the function's return values, you can throw errors away, but then you wouldn't be using the language in the way that makes it powerful to me; that there are simple and clear interfaces that you interact with.