The following time series databases are popular right now:
* ClickHouse (this is a general-purpose OLAP database, but it is easy to adapt it to time series workloads)
* InfluxDB
* TimescaleDB
* M3DB
* Cortex
* VictoriaMetrics
The last three of these TSDBs support PromQL query language - the most practical query language for typical time series queries [1]. So I'd recommend starting from learning PromQL and then evaluating time series databases from the list above.
If you are familiar with Postgres and/or SQL, then you may want to start with TimescaleDB. It's just Postgres for time-series. Full SQL, so it's possible to be productive instantly.
I'm familiar with some basics of kdb and use it often in my day job, but from what I understand that isn't widely used outside of finance?