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Folks might benefit from an explanation of the Casimir effect: Two metal plates separated by a vacuum form an electromagnetic cavity of width W. The cavity allows only wavelengths whose mode goes to zero at the edges of the cavity.

Normally, you feed a cavity resonator with E&M radiation (for example, your microwave), but the Casimir effect is a recognition of a factoid from quantum field theory: Photon fields have an energy of (N + 1/2) \hbar\omega, where N is the number of photons in the mode, and omega is the frequency of the mode. The strange factoid is that even for N=0 (no photons) there is still energy in the mode. This energy goes by the name "zero-point energy", because there is still energy in the vacuum for zero photons.

When you change the width W of the cavity, there is a change in the allowed modes, so there is a change in the total zero-point energy. The Casimir force then makes sense: Since the zero-point energy changes with the distance between the metals, there is a force pushing the system from the higher-energy configuration to a lower-energy configuration.

Edit: Since this has gotten attention, my one-sentence summary of the article from below:

Phonons cause a microscopic change the distance between the two plates, which by the Casimir force, then allows transmission of phonons across the vacuum gap.




Nice summary! For anyone wanting more details, the Wikipedia article is not bad:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casimir_effect

It's not a strong force, decaying like the 4th power of distance as I recall. Measuring it is not easy:

https://doi.org/10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.78.5


Thanks. The Zero-point Energy article was pretty interesting to read as well, so I'm linking it for anyone else who might be so inclined: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero-point_energy




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