Can't speak to the rest of the world, but in the US, there are plenty of places where burning stuff in your fireplace (or wood burning stove[1]) or in your yard/garden is regulated. Regulations range from what you can burn, to when you can do it, to where you can do it (example: outside fires not permitted within 50 feet of a building, or something along those lines). Sometimes there are outright bans on all outside burning during certain periods of time, when - due to weather conditions - there is a heightened risk of wildfires.
[1]: https://www.epa.gov/burnwise/ordinances-and-regulations-wood...