and that would have to be baked into the CA certificate, not specified when the CA is trusted. I dont want my browser to ask the CA what it's allowed to do, i want to tell it what it's allowed to do
It has to be baked into the CA, so that a browser vendor can check it before inclusion. If the CA specifies domains it is not allowed to sign certificates for, it will not be included.
[1] https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5280#section-4.2.1.10