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How much does this affect an aircraft range? I assume the mechanism is that lighter aircraft needs less lift, and less lift means less drag, less drag - less power on the engines - less fuel consumption - more range.

I somehow always thought that more weight of an aircraft lessened its range almost only because it needs much more power to take off and gain a cruising altitude.



Even ignoring more efficient flight at lower weight, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_airliners_by_maximum_t... shows that maximum landing weight can be a lot lower than maximum take-off weight.

So, to land at take-off weight, you’ll have to significantly strengthen the landing gear.

That already is 2.5 to 5% of the Maximum takeoff weight and 20% of the airframe direct maintenance cost (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landing_gear#Aircraft_landing_...)





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