? Of course there is - it's called a PAC code, and it takes at least 1 working day with the fastest operators, in the meantime you get notified that it's happening.
No, you're confused. A PAC code is used when switching carriers, it has nothing to do with the scam described here where an attacker contacts your carrier and claims "I lost my SIM".
Activating a replacement SIM can happen in minutes (and that's a good thing : would you want to wait 7 days to get service again ?)
The only thing that seems different from the US is that I don't think everything can be done over the phone here : you need to go physically into a shop and (hopefully) show ID.