Amusingly, the bike I ride today would not have seemed out of place in this book. Single speed coaster brake. The main improvements seem to be in the materials used, including aluminum and modern rubber.
I think it's funny that some of the crazy new features we're seeing in bikes, like bamboo/wood hardware and direct gear drives, are already covered in this book.
Thinking about it, LED's and lithium ion batteries have been a pretty big deal for my riding, compared to the horrid incandescent bike lights of the past.