Understanding Physics by Isaac Asimov is a great book that discusses Newtonian mechanics, thermodynamics, electromagnetism, and atomic physics. It presents it by discussing the history of the discoveries and experiments that advanced our understanding of the physics. The book is from 1966, so there have been numerous advances since, but it does go into a lot of detail of subatomic particles and radioactive decay. It is written to be understood by lay people and doesn't go very deep into the mathematics, which helps make it easier to understand.
