No. Cabled tethering to a cell phone only gives you access to your own packets. It's like a switched network where only packets addressed to you are sent to you.
On 802.11 wireless networks your wireless network card is capable of capturing traffic addressed to other computers. When encryption isn't used or is compromised, you can steal their credentials.
Doing something similar against cellular networks would require a much more sophisticated attack with specialized hardware that's largely illegal in the United States. I would also hope that cellular communications are encrypted these days.
On 802.11 wireless networks your wireless network card is capable of capturing traffic addressed to other computers. When encryption isn't used or is compromised, you can steal their credentials.
Doing something similar against cellular networks would require a much more sophisticated attack with specialized hardware that's largely illegal in the United States. I would also hope that cellular communications are encrypted these days.