Only if it had strict DMARC policy (reject) at the time of sending. But it's not possible to reliably check old values from the past. No policy or quarantine policy makes the email go to spam, that's all.
Gmail stores the DKIM check result in the header of the email.
For a more exhaustive system, one might store a DNSSEC result proving the key was valid. Though from my limited search, it seems DNSSEC does not sign a time-stamp.