Well the thing is, due to the redlining practices of yore, black people have a significant disadvantage when compared to even the meager wealth of poor whites. And that's not even getting into the cultural issues surrounding "ghetto" culture (which is also predominantly traceable to redlining.)
Not to mention schools being funded by property taxes, so people living in high-density, lower-value areas (depressed urban, almost always nonwhite) always have underfunded schools while those who live in relatively low-density, higher-value (wealthy suburbs, almost always white) areas have extremely well funded schools. Also, rampant employment discrimination based on name alone (Are Greg and Emily More Employable Than Lakisha And Jamal, 2003, pdf: https://tinyurl.com/ydghdzuc) Also, higher police scrutiny than whites, and even higher conviction and incarceration rates than whites for the same crimes. etc. etc. etc.
While there are economically depressed whites who have some of the same problems as economically depressed non-whites simply because they're economically depressed, their situations are not equivalent. Saying that they are is nothing more than a way for white people to distance themselves from the fact that we are in fact privileged because of our race, and that our relative success isn't solely attributed to our hard work, smarts and persistence.
I think it plays into it quite a bit. Odds are, of the two crimes listed, stealing a car is more likely to be done by a black male. Hence, it's punished harder, despite Theranos objectively doing more harm.
Remember kids, the rich are not playing the same game the rest of us are.