Lots of great insight on building teams, getting everyone to have a shared understanding/training/framework. Commanders intent and mission goals are useful thoughts on delegating / focusing a team, etc. Thoughts on using tempo, strategy and "maneuver" warfare are incredibly relevant to resource-constrained startups.
Teambuilding and strategy are highly practiced arts in the military. In my opinion, it's why officers who leave the military make good business strategists and leaders.
The observation that junior officers are closer to the situation and better equipped to make immediate tactical decisions than senior officers who are at the rear can, almost word-for-word, be used to describe how to manage programmers.
If you enjoy USMC's Warfighting, you've got to go read Clauswitz's "On War" - it established modern military science. It's the most clear thinking, straightforward work on a difficult topic I've read. Seriously, read the first 20 pages of On War and you'll think more clearly for the rest of your life. I'm not exaggerating, it's that good. Everyone in their life should skim Adam Smith's Wealth of Nations and read the first 20 pages of On War:
I have to say that, while Clauswitz is certainly down-to-earth, pragmatic, and has much merit, the book is not for the faint of heart of. I don't think straightforward is a word I'd use with his work that was compiled posthumously from his incomplete manuscripts.
Clausewitz might be practical compared to Sun Tzu, but his assertion that the enemy’s center of gravity (strongest point) is the point which all energies should be directed sounds stupid. He is also too intent on single deciding battles.
Sun Tzu's use of deceit, spying and diplomacy - avoiding the battle altogether - is a more flexible approach. But it's impossible to believe that you could predict the outcomes of major scale events in such a precision that he teaches.
You should also read about John Boyd, a master hacker in his own right:
