> As I understand it, this syntax was developed because of limitations of the JVM w/r/t TCO.
This doesn't make sense. Tail calls don't need any virtual machine support whatsoever: they're translated into jumps by the compiler. The real problem is a lack of willingness to translate functions into anything other than JVM methods, because “compatibility“, but that is a political issue, not a technical one.
You don't need VM support for tail self-calls (which is exactly what Clojure supports with `recur`), but you sure do for optimizing tail calls to other functions. There is no way in the JVM to say "replace my stack frame with a new one for that other method and execute that", especially not one that gives you a useful stacktrace for debugging.
I don't think it's that easy. Clojure code calls into Java libraries, and these are regular Java functions so you cannot reuse the same stack frame for these. Pure Clojure code, on which you could perform arbitrary transformations, is quite rare (does not exist at the moment, since the core datastructures are written in Java).
If I understand your point correctly, it is not a problem. If your TCO-ed recursive function calls Java functions, they will expand the stack temporarily, but it will all be popped back to your stack frame by the time they return. It is no different than if you made the same calls from an equivalent non-recursive function.
> Clojure code calls into Java libraries, and these are regular Java functions so you cannot reuse the same stack frame for these.
Somehow, programs written in <insert language that provides correctly implemented tail calls> can call routines written in C (of all languages!) without any problems. So I stand by what I previously said: the problem is political, not technical.
They do so, by having a FFI marshaling layer that creates a stack frame the way C expects it, which is in full control of the language runtime, something that languages that pretend to be Java cannot do on the JVM.
Eventually one could do some tricks with invokedynamic, but I doubt the performance impact would be worthwhile.
This doesn't make sense. Tail calls don't need any virtual machine support whatsoever: they're translated into jumps by the compiler. The real problem is a lack of willingness to translate functions into anything other than JVM methods, because “compatibility“, but that is a political issue, not a technical one.