>With further study, VLF transmissions may serve as a way to remove excess radiation from the near-Earth environment. Plans are already underway to test VLF transmissions in the upper atmosphere to see if they could remove excess charged particles — which can appear during periods of intense space weather, such as when the sun erupts with giant clouds of particles and energy.
The ability to deflect solar storms would indeed be quite helpful!
I read that particles in the radiation belts have been observed with large concentrations in the in keV range, peaking into MeV range. Impacting particles from the sun can be orders of magnitude higher. https://www-spof.gsfc.nasa.gov/Education/wenpart1.html
By clearing out the Van Allen belts, I suppose you could reduce the need for radiation shielding of satellites and spacecraft that need to operate in them and cross them. Less shielding would equate to lower weight spacecraft which require less energy to be flung into space.
But then you'd probably get some atmospheric warming from the RF energy, so it might all be a wash. I certainly can only speculate, but I think the short answer is 'no'.
The transmission facilities that broadcast VLF to submarines do so in the 100-1000 KW range, with the facilities' actual power consumption likely being at least 150% that value. On the assumption most of this power is derived from fossil sources, such facilities may still retain a carbon footprint.
The ability to deflect solar storms would indeed be quite helpful!