Then it would have to be a feature of the font, and I am not familiar with any font that does that automatically. Technically, it might be possible, with advanced scripting available in OpenType, but considering how even the most basic of ligatures are unsupported under most Linux and Windows fonts, I would not have my hopes up to have this any time soon.
As far as i know it's (very) hard to do correctly.
There are (small or big) differences among languages and it is not always obvious to detect ,if the quote should be converted at all, if it's a left one, or a right one.
As a reference, this is a Python Script trying to do the conversion in Scribus:
