It seems to be common practice here in northern Bavaria to only cool offices to about 5 C below outside temp - so if it's 35 C (95 F) outside, only cooling to 30 (86 F).
Fortunately, wearing shorts to work on extremely hot (over 30 C) days is also more socially acceptable here.
It once was in NZ too even in formal environments - we called them "walk shorts" https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walk_shorts - but they are now derided as an historic "fashion crime".
You acclimatize. I'm from chilly Sweden and used to start wearing T-shirts when it hit 18 C. Right now it's 27 C and I'm actually feeling a bit chilly (it was 29 C yesterday). Summers reach 36 C with high humidity.
I recall reading (no ref) that nazi experiments determined the optimal temperature for mental performance was 59F, which coincidentally is the average temperature of the earth.
I went to school in Northern Wisconsin, and we had a bunch of people from the Caribbean living in my dorm freshman year. There was one thermostat that controlled steam delivery for each floor of the building, and then the radiators in each room did their own thing.
The people from the Caribbean would turn the heat up to 80 degrees all of the time. It got to the point where the thermostats were pulled off the wall in the middle of the night by to keep them from being turned up.
I think probably 3/4 of the building had their windows open all winter, even when it was -20 below outside, just to keep the temp livable. The thing is that it doesn't do much with steam heat, since those radiators can pump out more heat than you can possibly imagine.
The physical plant ended up putting the thermostat within a metal box that was grouted to the wall.
I can understand though. The first time it hits 40 degrees after the summer, I'm freezing, but if it hits 40 in January I'm walking around with shorts on. It was still kind of funny to listen to them describe what being really cold is like: "I'm on fire! Why do I feel like I'm on fire from being cold!"
I'm sure I sound equally hilarious when I'm somewhere hot though.
We're talking about nazi experiments. I'd assume that the "for Germans" part is implied.
"Caucasians" also seems the wrong abstraction here in either case. If you put a Swede or Brit and a Spaniard or Italian in the same room, they'll likely have different opinions the optimal temperature too, yet all of these are pointlessly grouped as "Caucasian" just because some people like to pretend it sounds less racist than simply saying "white" (which is an equally useless category for most concerns).
I grew up in a pretty cool climate (Maine). Above 65 I begin sweating. Especially if the humidity is above 60%. 58 is ideal working weather as long as the humidity is low. 35-45 is ideal sleeping weather, with window cracked open so to allow a breeze to counter at the heat from the stove.
75°F is too damn warm. My brain pretty much stops working around 77°F.