I hate to be nitpicking but the protocol, while related to the port is still a separate thing. For example, using a url of the type ftp:// is much more than just switching to port 23, even worse a url of the type file:// is not bound to a port as far as I know. Switching protocols mean the actual exhange is completely different.
You can actually use the http protocol on ports other than 80 and its actually commonly done on local development servers where anything like 8080, 8000, 8090 or many others are frquently used. In such a case the url would be something like http://myserver.com:8080/blabla where 8080 would be the port. The confusion might arise because protocols have a default port associated with them. Sorry for the explanation of something thats probably waaaay too simple for most of the readers but that comment was just so wrong for me.
In this case, where you're typing the URL in a form, presumably as some sort of content management system, you're not telling your browser to go directly to the URL but rather saying 'I want to use this resource, it's at this URL'.
Before it uses that URL for anything, the server should process it, and if it's missing something like a protocol, add in a good default like http.
It never even gets to a server if it doesn't have a protocol. The browser would have no idea what to do with it. It wouldn't even know how to understand it.
Is:
foo@bar.com
mailto:foo@bar.com
or
ftp://foo@bar.com
or
http://foo@bar.com
Each one of those does something totally different, and all are legal.
The browser can add a default though - and it does.
Submit it how? Submit it where? It's obvious you know nothing about this.
Each one of those protocols works totally different. Different ports, different messages to the server, different ways of contacting the server.
And it's not a text field either. It gets broken up into multiple pieces and each piece is used in a different part of the conversation with the server. And on top of that you need to understand the format to even figure out which server to talk to.