The single biggest difference is that k6 lets you write test cases in real code (JavaScript), while Vegeta will only let you supply a static list of URLs to hit. Vegeta has some things k6 does not have, to be fair (like constant RPS-rate load), but k6 was created to address what we saw as missing in Vegeta and most of the other existing tools. We think developers want to write code to test things, so we created a tool that lets you use JavaScript + a scripting API designed for load testing and automation.
Had anyone used both to point out the main differences from k6?