It would be great if somebody have a fresh look at the C version, since I completely agree that it is not normal that its execution time is so far away from Fortran or Rust.
Edit: Looking into this a bit more, I think 'rustc -C opt-level=3' is optimizing out the actual integration. If I put a println!("{}", x[0][0]) at the end, I end up with 1m43s. Not sure what 'gcc -O3 -ffast-math' is doing; I haven't looked at the disassembly.
https://github.com/marblestation/benchmark-leapfrog
It would be great if somebody have a fresh look at the C version, since I completely agree that it is not normal that its execution time is so far away from Fortran or Rust.