Approximate Bayesian Computation website does a good job of framing what is meant by likelihood free inference. https://approximatebayesiancomputational.wordpress.com/paper...
Here's an alternative technique for likelihood free inference: https://arxiv.org/abs/1506.02169 and a more recent approach http://beta.briefideas.org/ideas/5c2f74aedbf3618ca180382e393...
making machine learning more robust to systematic uncertainties https://arxiv.org/abs/1611.01046
A tech report summarizing Goodfellow's NIPS tutorial on GANs https://arxiv.org/abs/1701.00160
* slide 75 gives a reference for CARL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1506.02169
* slides 93 gives 3 references for using deep learning to classify jet images https://arxiv.org/abs/1511.05190 https://arxiv.org/abs/1603.09349 https://www.arxiv.org/abs/1609.00607
* the reference for "Learning to Pivot with adversarial networks" is https://www.arxiv.org/abs/1611.01046