I use the Chrome and Firefox docker-selenium containers in Testcontainers [1][2], my project for running containers to support JUnit tests.
I created this after numerous issues with PhantomJS compatibility and debuggability; Testcontainers instead uses the real browsers, and also offers automatic video recording of test sessions and VNC access for debugging.
Headless chrome support sounds like a good step forward, but if visibility into what's going on is limited then I feel there's going to be some way to go. Perhaps chrome remote debugging support?