I'm pretty sure China uses some Chinese word instead. And at least around here (European country), "migration" and "migrants" are also used when referring to people moving between regions inside the same country.
外地 (wai di)- from outside places/soil. Not nationality bound, more a term for migrant workers 'not being from around here'. But using this term suggests some comfort or familiarity with the local place. Otherwise, just state origin.
本地 (ben di)- from local / basic soil. Often used as a badge of pride.
民工 (min gong)- common term for migrant worker in China. Interesting decomposition of the work - 民 (min) meaning a person, or member of the people. 工 (gong) meaning work (with one's hands, literal). This would be the closest match for a European moving country in seek of wage.
