Fluidic diodes have been built and used, but the most common design is a "vortex diode".[1] Something similar to Tesla's design has been built and used, though.[2] The main applications are in nuclear reactors, where there's a need for one-way valves that will last many decades without servicing. A no-moving-parts solution is preferred.
[1] http://www.nuvisioneng.com/Portals/0/ProductProfiles/Legacy/... [2] http://www.witpress.com/papers/view/23588