From personal experience, your position, in many U.S. locales, would most likely be poorly received by a police officer. For example, if you are in your car, they can simply arrest you (no charges, but can hold you for 72 hours) and then fully search your person and vehicle and use whatever they find, probable cause be damned.
There are many not well understood and not well court tested Federal rules that can be used against you in much the same way.
I highly recommend when dealing with law enforcement to not use a phrase like "my papers and effects are mine and not to be trifled with lightly". You may get away with this with a senior government official but less likely with a run of the mill police officer.
100% sure, everywhere in the U.S., as of at least the early '90s. Practices vary; some places will charge you with something meaningless and drop it when they release you.
According to wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detention_of_suspects
you can be held without charge for 2 days. I have been told by criminal lawyers the time is 72 hours (maybe that is with charge, regardless of if its dropped or manginess).
There are many not well understood and not well court tested Federal rules that can be used against you in much the same way.
I highly recommend when dealing with law enforcement to not use a phrase like "my papers and effects are mine and not to be trifled with lightly". You may get away with this with a senior government official but less likely with a run of the mill police officer.