For me, the most Smalltalk-like aspect of it was that I could send any message to any object. This was radically unlike, for example, C++, where I could only call functions on objects when those functions actually existed.
What I'm really saying here is that I disagree with you, and I believe you are incorrect in stating that none of Smalltalk's objectives live on in Objective-C "in any way, shape or form", and that's an example of something from Smalltalk that lives on in Objective-C.
You can do the same in ruby, or with lisp. Objective-C doesn't provide a REPL for constant feedback, you find that in ruby, lisp and python. It lives more in those languages than in ObjC.
I don't know Ruby or Lisp, but Python, at least, doesn't like it if you call methods on nil. Smalltalk and Objective C both let you do that (they do nothing and return nil).
> I don't know Ruby or Lisp, but Python, at least, doesn't like it if you call methods on nil.
That's false. Python likes it every bit as much as if you call methods on any other object: it works fine if you wall a method which exists on the object, raises an AttributeError if you try to access an attribute which does not exist and raises a TypeError if you try to call an attribute which isn't callable.
>>> None.__hash__()
-9223372036578437293
> Smalltalk let you do that (they do nothing and return nil).
That is also false. While UndefinedObject responds to a fair number of messages (compared to NoneType anyway), sending an "unknown" message to `nil` will signal an exception as it would just about anywhere else (because it'll defer to the standard Object implementation of #doesNotUnderstand). You can redefine `UndefinedObject doesNotUnderstand` so that it does something (or does nothing and return `nil`), but that definitely isn't the default behaviour, and it isn't generally considered a good idea.
In Ruby, nil is the singleton object of NilClass, and you can call method on it like any object -- heck a key way of distinguishing it from False is that they respond differently to .nil?
What I'm really saying here is that I disagree with you, and I believe you are incorrect in stating that none of Smalltalk's objectives live on in Objective-C "in any way, shape or form", and that's an example of something from Smalltalk that lives on in Objective-C.