Very interesting to see. Efficiency (E) cores use only 7% of the energy that Performance (P) cores do performing the same task and take about 4x as long to do it.
So about 13.5x (23 J when run on P cores, and less than 1.7 J when run on E cores) the power to do about 4x the performance
Though this would mean a 4x in clock speed would consume 4^3=64 times as much energy, which is more extreme than what is observed here in the Apple chip. So either the clock speed/power relation is different now or the P cores do not actually have a 4x scaling in clock speed. Cache size etc may also play a role in performance.
Per the article, the clock speed difference is much smaller than the ~4x performance difference (4.5 GHz vs 2.6 GHz, i.e. 1.7x). So more than half of the performance advantage of the P cores has to come out of the uarch difference (wider structures etc.). Meanwhile there will be other factors besides clock frequency, e.g. the P cores might use a different cell library than the E cores.
Makes sense. This would suggest the difference in power draw may not mainly come from the clock frequency, since (1.7x)^3=5x, which is significantly less than the 13.5x in power draw.
> This is believed to be identical to ARMv9.2-A without Scalable Vector Extension (SVE) supported by M4 P cores, enabling the same threads to be run on either core type.
It also explicitly mentions half of the processing units per core and lower clock speeds.
No they are not. "Efficiency" cores are generally tailored to do simple stuff well. Less floating point, more integers. Like file parsing, serving web pages, responding to network events, whatnot.
When you need heavy computation (encoding, scientific, etc.) P cores are your only choices.
As a result, server ecosystem will be fragmented a bit. For HPC and calculation stuff, P-Core heavy processors will be sold. For cloud and CRUD systems, E-Cores will dominate.
I mean, not having the SVE do not make them run all the workload of P cores, and this is what I said already? They are not of course different ISAs at the core, but they're not the same cores per se. When you are missing extensions, you can't address these cores when there are these instructions present. Forcing it, would kill your application with an illegal instruction error.
So heavy computational stuff is not the target of E cores, you need P cores for that.
The quoted sentence is poorly worded. The P and E cores are fully instruction set compatible. It isn't possible to meaningfully know ahead of time if the instructions will be used on any given core, and trapping along with a migration is expensive and needless. The M4 as a whole does not support the SVE/SVE2 extensions anywhere, which is what the article is saying in the given quote.
The M4, on all cores, does support the SME extension, which includes a subset of SVE instructions at a wider vector length (512-bits), optimized for throughput. SME instructions are handled by a separate accelerator coprocessor unit attached to each cluster, shared by a number of cores, and don't "exist" in the normal instruction pipeline (where e.g. 256-bit SVE2 instructions would be handled.) This was all true of the proprietary Apple AMX extensions in previous cores as well, as far as I'm aware.
Doesn't this happen in cycles? A specialized hardware appears, then it gets integrated into processor to make way for an even more specialized variant of the thing, rinse and repeat.
This external thing doesn't have to be "more powerful" per se. So, E cores are lower power helpers which are implemented back into the CPU in a slightly altered form.
Who or which prevents them from being dedicated to processing a network stream or just handling network thread of a service, making them "efficient accelerators" in a sense?
What streaming service even does 128kb/s?
Youtube is the only one that comes to mind and that's for free usage only. Paid accounts get 256kbit AAC
Spotify uses OGG Vorbis codec and streams at 160 kbps at standard bitrate and 320 kbps at high quality
In addition to AAC, the entire Apple Music catalog is now also encoded using ALAC in resolutions ranging from 16-bit/44.1 kHz (CD Quality) up to 24-bit/192 kHz
Amazon Prime Music at 256 kbps
That's about 99% of the streaming music market people actually use
And they still make noise like in the 1920s with their silly horns. I was once visiting a friend who lived near those housing developments that are all along the Caltrain tracks in the South Bay. I almost lost my hearing. It was insane. No way could I live like that or even try to sleep.
Some things in America are truly shocking.
Besides buzzword bingo and investor hard ons, please explain why something like a tax return (IRS) would need "AI tools". I'd love to know. It's a straightforward calculation that needs accuracy. The opposite of what AI does.
>It's a straightforward calculation that needs accuracy.
If only that is all it was. It's not calculations and linking entries on one form to another that is the problem, it is interpreting the law. Suppose there is an allowed deduction for a certain type of expense. But the law doesn't provide a precise, actionable definition, it relies instead on "facts and circumstances".
Did you know, for example, that in U.S. income tax law there is no universal definition of a "trade or business", yet that distinction has a huge impact on how certain items of income are treated. So what do you do if you think you have a trade/business, but can't be certain given the information at your disposal. IRL, such disputes often must end up in a court of law to be decided.
There are no jobs. I've been looking for two years. A couple of humongous rounds of interviews (one company in Sydney had me do 15 interviews plus a presentation, plus meetups with the CEO for lunch and the CTO and a case study), all for one mid-size startup CPO role.
No hire. Two weeks later they announced another 25% of layoffs.
I've tried and exhausted all my contacts, from work, Stanford alumni, everything. There's no one hiring. At least 500 applications either led to no reply or "sorry but you're not the person we are looking for". Week later the same job is advertised again. It's all ghost jobs.
There just aren't that many jobs for management roles (CPO/VP Product/etc) compared to applicants.
Being in HK probably isn't helping either because there are plenty of qualified candidates across China and ASEAN now as well - especially in the hospitality and B2C space.
Oh 100%. But of course I am not limited to HK at all (in fact I am planning to move to AU next year as I got permanent residence there through their Global Talent visa programme). But nothing there either.
And I'm not limiting myself to CPO or VP roles but yea... this is what it has been
Why aren't you considering CPO roles the US or starting your own company?
I think you are too overqualified for non-VP/CPO roles, and B2C dealflow is dead across ASEAN and China atm so VP/CPO roles are hyper-competitive. It's similar in Australia to a certain extent as well.
That said, best of luck! Your background is fairly strong
it's not much of a discussion, it's the side that lost (which corresponds to the bulk of the HN community) not acknowledging anything unsound about their beliefs or approach or misalignment with the electorate, and instead continuing with the same talking points that lost the election. Which is fine, they can do that, that can be a heartfelt belief, but it's not a discussion that's going anyplace or illuminating anybody.
And that’s exactly the reason I like HN and actually read comments here unlinke on other platforms like Reddit where the quality of comments in average are bad
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