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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acoustic_reflex for people interested in 'stapedius reflex' that the article talks about.


This is great! I wished something like this existed for Indian classical music, since in it also a composition can be performed by multiple artists differently and multiple performances can be created with with different permutations of the rhythm and melody. This player, as is, doesn't account for compositional units of Indian classical music (obviously because it's designed for Western Classical music).

Language is also something that is missed in mainstream music players.


Yes! Where can I find a good source of Indian Classical Music on the web? Do any of these streaming sources have good (and by that I mean deep) catalogues of ICM?


Snakes kill rodents that transmit various diseases (mentioned in the article)


Could domestic animals (e.g. cats & dogs) keep the rodent populations in check? Would they get out of hand?


Perhaps if it was managed properly, ie: spay/neuter before release & replenish the 'supply', as needed. For example, without natural predators the Hawaiian islands are now swarming with feral cats, albeit theirs started as a human problem(abandonment):

https://encrypted.google.com/search?q=hawaii+cat+problem&gbv...


How significant are the relativistic effects at 0.2c (the probe speed they are aiming for)?


Not enormous, but noticeable. Around 2% time lost relative to earth, I believe.


To the probes, wouldn't the 20-year flight 'feel' like 16?


Not that much. Time dilation due to speed is sqrt(1 - v^2/c^2). At 0.2c, that's 98%, so 20 years would "feel like" 19.6 years.


(I Agree.)

As a rule of thumb, you can approximate sqrt(1 - v^2/c^2) = 1 - 1/2 (v/c)^2. So if v/c = 2, then the correction is approximately 1 - 1/2 .2^2 = 98% as you said. This formula is easier for back of the envelope calculations and the important point is that it's quadratic. (I always forget the 1/2 :(. )

The GP comment used the wrong correction of 1 - v/c, that is not quadratic so the correction is much bigger.


Cool trick. It starts to fall apart at higher speeds (at c, the approximation produces 1/2, when it should be 0), but it looks like up to 0.5 or 0.5 it's decent.


Yes, this is the first two terms of the Taylor series near 0, so it works only at "low" speed.

For speeds that are close to c, you have to use another "Taylor" series to get a good approximation. If v is close to c, then the approximation of the correction is sqrt(2(c-v)/c). So at 99%c you get 4.5%.


I find evolution terminology funny.

Aren't the terms 'something going extinct' and 'inability to adapt' essentially same. They are symmetrically causal to one another. It has inability to adapt, hence it went extinct; it went extinct hence we say it didn't have the ability to adapt. What new unit of knowledge do we gain by saying something like the OP's title?

In short, the 'ability to adopt' is itself measured in terms of whether 'something is extinct or not'


They mention that the ape was mainly restricted to forests - wouldn't a metabolically-imposed habitat restriction limit the species' exposure to ex situ adaptations?

Which is to say, we gain insight into how metabolism, specialization and extinction play together. Although, perhaps this is what you meant by correlating extinction and inability to adapt?


> The actual problem is people's prejudices and assumptions. This is what we need to fix.

Right, so the whole premise of your indifference or opposition to the privacy argument is that people should not have prejudices or (wrong) assumptions. Isn't that too idealistic and to rid people of the prejudices and figure out right moral standard for behaviour - will it not take many more generations, if at all it happens? Till then; till we figure out the right _prejudices_; till all of humanity naturally elevates to the right moral standard, shouldn't we be wary of those bad agents who can abuse others by breaking into their private matters?

Your premise, in short, assumes an ideal world where none is troubling others for their private acts, which unfortunately isn't the case yet.


Are there any MOOCs on Logic in the same spirit as this Guide?


Is there a link to last year's video that he refers to in the beginning, in which he has talked about the four questions?



By the very nature of Indian Classical music and its traditional style of performance, be it Carnatic or Hindustani, it is hard to create studio-grade records. There is heavy improvisation and musicians have opportunity to create quite unique performances each time they perform, even if the Raga is same. This is what makes it hard to re-create an Indian Classical music piece in a studio setting. And so, only well recorded live performances can offer the most authentic experience of Indian music. Here are some high quality recordings of live performances from some of the best artists of Carnatic music.

- From the NCPA Archives - M.S. Subbulakshmi - https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/from-the-ncpa-archives/id9...

- From the NCPA Archives - Balamuralikrishna - https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/masterworks-from-ncpa-arch...

Apart from the Ragas and Nuances in the music, the poetry in the music is scintillatingly beautiful too, exposing Indian Conception of God and philosophy. Saint Thyagaraja from 16th century is one of famous Carnatic music composers. Celebrating his compositions is one of the oldest and largest musical festival in the world called Thyagaraja Aradhana - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyagaraja_Aradhana that happens once every year in Southern part of India, and its sister festival all across world including in Cleveland. If you are visiting India to experience its culture, then its music should be an essential experience you should be taking home. All major cities in South India will have Carnatic music events all year long. Delhi and other north Indian metros too have quite vibrant Carnatic music scene, though you have to really search to find events. Delhi on the other hand has year-long Hindustani music scene.

For the more curious, here is a course on Carnatic Music from IIT Madras - Appreciating Carnatic Music - https://onlinecourses.nptel.ac.in/noc15_hs03/preview - it assumes no prerequisites and starts from very basics of sound. It exposes some of the young contemporary Carnatic musicians and their performances.


I'm not following, how does a piece being somewhat unique each time it's performed lead to a) harder to record in a studio setting and b) live performances provide authentic experiences? Are you saying that the audience of a live performance adds feedback that the artist can't replicate in isolation, or that the audiences own audio affects the performance, or both, or something else?


Perhaps that a recorded version of the song is the same each time you listen to it, whereas listening to multiple live performances of the same song will capture the improvisation/variance that is so important.


If that's true, then much of jazz music should have never translated on recordings. It also was not uncommon for multiple takes of the same song be recorded for jazz as well. I feel like that should apply here, unless there's another distinguishing factor.


Jazz (which I am more familiar with) is a reasonable analogy. And I agree. You should be able to capture a good studio performance just the way Ornette Coleman and Coltrane could.

One thing to note is that jazz has more structure. There is improvisation around that structure. Indian classical music is structured around rhythms and scales (and Carnatic music is microtonal) so it gets pretty out there.


recorded live performances were mentioned, but I could see how hearing multiple recordings of a particular song in a style that is known to change performance to performance could give you more appreciation, I'm just not sure how multiple recorded live performances differ from multiple studio recordings. Maybe the implication was that there are multiple recorded live performances for most popular artists compared to a single or very few studio recordings from that artist for a song, and so it's worth listening to the good live recordings to hear the variation?


Nitpicking - Thyagaraja was born in the 18th century and lived well into the 19th century. To put it in perspective, this is at least 100 years after the Johann Sebastian Bach.


(Sorry for being naive) What is the discovery of this finding - is it the Chemistry of reprogramming the cells or a spontaneous way to evolve these cells back to their original code?


What do you mean by a "spontaneous way to evolve these cells back to their original code"? The cells' genetic code (DNA) itself not changing, but not every gene in a genome is expressed in equal amounts or at the same time. In addition to encoding genes that "do stuff", the genome also codes for helper molecules which regulate the expression of these "action genes/proteins" in response to stimulus and environmental conditions. Modifying or replacing these helper molecules can therefore change the fate of the overall cell without even touching the main "action genes".


sorry, it's too late to edit but I meant not expressed in equal amounts or at the same time


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