That’s not a jump, it’s a straight line. These fundies like to dress it up but it’s transparently obvious to anyone who has dealt with religious fundamentalists that is their core driver.
Sounds like you didn't even know what your own tool was doing. This would be a prime example of why relying on autocomplete based tools makes you look like a fool.
Reminds me of when microwaves first came out. Investors decided to go all in on "vibe cooking" (lit. cooking with vibrations) complete with microwave ranges (no conventional oven), until the public wizened up to the fact that there was in fact no cooking (Maillard reaction) involved in their vibe cooking. Took about 15-20 years but microwaves finally took their rightful place as a utility appliance rather than what they were touted as (a centerpiece). Pick up a microwave cookbook from the 50s for some laughs.
I sure hope you're not mocking the classic "Microwave cooking for one" book!
The mallard reaction is very possible in microwaves,
but they use microwave-specific crockery. I think the vision was possibly killed by people not wanting to maintain a second set of crockery.
That book came out much later than what I am talking about, when many workarounds like turn tables (and indeed, specialized crockery) were made available. This thing [0] for example, did not even have a turn table, and yet was created in an "all in" form factor for the American home. It was in production for nine years.
Perhaps we can liken these auxiliary advances to agents and harnesses in the analogy. In the end, despite the unbridled optimism from certain backers, we never solved the fundamental issue with microwaves: that they use electromagnetic waves for cooking, and that electromagnetic waves have certain undesirable properties for this application.
They sure are great for reheating food though. The problem is that a lot of developers think they are Michelin chefs when in reality they are Olive Garden cooks reheating frozen meals.
But I think the argument that microwaves are basically for heating things up and for essentially steaming a lot of vegetables. (I'll do one ear of corn in the microwave with pepper and spices.) I do have a thick microwave cookbook from the 70s or 80s but I've mostly only ever used it for vegetable cooking times. And probably less since I started roasting vegetables in the oven a lot of the time. I have cooked some of the other recipes but not for a very long time.
Understand that a lot of people don't have a lot of choice but I use mine (actually have a 4 in 1 when I had to replace the old one after it burst into flames and that's somewhat useful as a second oven).
It just made me realize why I don't have those found memories of my mom's cooking. When we got our first microwave she went full on the vibe cooking and took years to realize how dumb it was.
I hope my kid doesn't get the same kind of memories about my weekend projects.
You are obviously right and I see examples of it everywhere.
E.g I asked Claude opus 4.7 (the latest/greatest) the other day “is a Rimworld year 60 days?”. The reply (paraphrased) “No, a Rimworld year is 4 seasons each of 15 days which is 60 days total”.
Equally, it gets confused about what is a mod or vanilla since it is just predicting based on what it read on forums, which are clearly ambiguous enough (to a dumb text predictor).
And that is the reason why it is only autocomplete. You probably had less context than the poster before, so it could not mix stuff up.
The poster before either had more memory or the search searched through more topics. And btw it’s really hard to only give access to some things.
Yeah no human has ever made a mistake, good odds here! Luckily hubris is only a trait found in fictional stories and there are no real world accounts of people making terrible decisions while others go along with their terrible decisions.
Can't wait until we're forced to bail out these companies or else China will take over the open internet (or whatever bullshit they use to justify the bailouts).
If you ignore all the complexity and discard every detail, it’s literally just a box. Yet curiously you aren’t living in a cardboard box, or an aluminum shed.
Point being, which you know and are being willfully ignorant about, is that it’s more complex than that. And you’ve neatly discarded the detail that they’re multi modal.
I will freely admit though, analogy is useless when interacting with someone who has already made up their mind.
Well that’s the problem with arguing through analogy, when you’re wrong you just come out looking like a Fucking Dork.
Truly your analogy isn’t wrong, it’s just that you are wrong. A house is a box and it needs walls on each side and a roof like a box. But it’s good to remember that it’s supposed to be a box. That might sound overly reductive, but it’s important to keep the fundamentals in mind in case someone tries to sell you a bowl like it was a house. A bowl does not have a lid, and will not keep the elements out.
Similarly, people keep trying to sell token prediction machines as if they are capable of thought. They are not. They predict the next token, nothing more. Yet people keep trying to sell them as if they can think.
It’s overly reductive to the point of being wrong yes. You’re being intentionally obtuse. Then again your brain is just some electric meat so why would you be capable of more?
Good job calling it a token predictor instead of text autocomplete btw, you’re making progress, my wonderful analogies have already begun to enlighten you. You’ll achieve some nuance yet.
I'm pretty sure it was sold as a house. That you understand that you can think of it as a box doesn't make it not a house. That's the point of the analogy.
It's literally how they work. I think the magic that none of us really expected is that our languages, human and computer, are absurdly redundant. But I think it makes sense, in hindsight at least. When we say things it's usually not to add novel or unexpected information that comes out of nowhere, but to elaborate or illustrate a point that could often be summed up in 5 words. This response is perfect sample of such.
A lot of people suspected that most programs were absurdly redundant and for a very long time. The real issue is that the languages do not really allow for producing code that can be easily shared. Some of the functional languages do, but mostly in ways that are completely irrelevant and useless in practice for such a goal.
Programmers writing their fiftieth mostly identical CRUD handler may not have noticed but a lot of other people did.
Wilful ignorance can't be fixed. As the saying goes, you can lead a horse to water but you can't make it drink. I can point you to ReAct loops and tool-calling and agent-based systems. If after being pointed those you still choose to be stuck on the "it's just text prediction" then that's a problem you are creating for yourself, and only you can get unstuck on a problem of your own making.
>> Wilful ignorance can't be fixed. As the saying goes, you can lead a horse to water but you can't make it drink. I can point you to ReAct loops and tool-calling and agent-based systems. If after being pointed those you still choose to be stuck on the "it's just text prediction" then that's a problem you are creating for yourself, and only you can get unstuck on a problem of your own making.
Woof, you're sounding mighty aggressive for someone with such a fundamental misunderstanding of the technology you are defending. Have you ever even actually implemented a system around an LLM, or do practice ~~voodoo~~ "prompt engineering"?
> I can point you to ReAct loops and tool-calling and agent-based systems.
Those are all implemented - quite literally - by parsing the *text* that the LLM *autocompletes* from the prompt.
Tool calling? The model emits JSON as it autocompletes the prompt, and the json is then parsed out and transformed into an HTTP call. The response is then appended to the ongoing prompt, and the LLM is called again to *autocomplete* more output.
"ReAct loops" and "agent based systems" are the same goddamn thing. You submit a prompt and parse the output. You can wrap it up in as many layers as you want but autocomplete with some additional parsing on the output is still fucking autocomplete.
If you're going to make such strong assertions, you should understand the technology underneath or you'll come off looking like a idiot.
> Tool calling? The model emits JSON as it autocompletes the prompt, and the json is then parsed out and transformed into an HTTP call.
No. Code assistants determine which tool they can execute to meet a specific goal. They pick the tool, the execute the tool (meaning, they build command line arguments, run the command line app, analyze output, assess outcome) as subtasks.
And they do it as part of ReAct loops. If the tool fails to run, code assistants can troubleshoot problems on the fly and adapt how to call then tool until they reach the goal.
> Code assistants determine which tool they can execute to meet a specific goal. They pick the tool, the execute the tool (meaning, they build command line arguments, run the command line app, analyze output, assess outcome) as subtasks.
And they do this - wait for it - by emitting tokens. Which are then parsed into a function call.
You’re just confusing a harness around an LLM for something more. And the core, the LLM takes input tokens and outputs the most likely next tokens. Those tokens might be interpreted into a tool call or anything else, but it’s still just token prediction.
If you disagree, explain what the actual difference is. I claim that LLMs “use” tools by emitting tokens which are taken and passed to a tool call. If you disagree, how?
> And they do it as part of ReAct loops. If the tool fails to run, code assistants can troubleshoot problems on the fly and adapt how to call then tool until they reach the goal.
Yeah, but fundamentally all of this is implemented as next token prediction, given the context (which the tool results are).
Honestly, it's pretty amazing how much we can do with next token prediction, but that's essentially all that's happening here.
Calling the technology "text auto complete" is not productive to the discussion. Less than a decade ago the idea that a computer could take a fuzzy human-readable description and turn it into executable code was science fiction, but now it's common place. As is the ability to write long form text, and be so hard to distinguish from real that placing an em dash in your text will cause an uproar on this forum. You can describe things by their fundamental functions and make many things sound elementary but I find it counter productive given the capabilities we've seen from this technology
> Calling the technology "text auto complete" is not productive to the discussion.
If pointing out the flawed approach to making something more productive isn't productive, then what do you consider to be productive?
> Less than a decade ago the idea that a computer could take a fuzzy human-readable description and turn it into executable code was science fiction
Cobol was sold to people on the idea that anyone could create something with fuzzy human readable description that would result in executable code. That was back in the 60s.
What lessons did we learn?
1) Leaving things to the people who make fuzzy human readable descriptions turns out to be a terrible way to have things implemented.
2) Slowly and deliberately thinking things through before, during, and after implementation always leads to better results.
It's a lesson that keeps needing to be re-learned by people who don't/can't look at things through a historical lens.
It was the same with cobol, as it was with programming in spreadsheets in the 80s, as it was with the nocode movement in the 00s, as it is now again with LLMs in the 20s, and it will be again with a future generation in the 40s.
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> As is the ability to write long form text, and be so hard to distinguish from real that placing an em dash in your text will cause an uproar on this forum.
Long form text generation that is hard to distinguish from human authored text also goes back to the 60s.
That's when we got the first instances of the Eliza effect.
> You can describe things by their fundamental functions and make many things sound elementary but I find it counter productive given the capabilities we've seen from this technology
These people will never admit they actually don't understand technology and just attack others. It's a great strategy if you're trying to proselytize a business into a religious movement, and it seems to be working on those that induce psychosis to themselves.
Is "text autocomplete" supposed to be an insult? To text auto-complete a physicist I would have to understand physics as well as them. To text-autocomplete your words I would need to model your brain.
It's not attention that's the problem, it's how we train networks offline with backprop.
LLMs are the most successful form of neural network we have, and that's because they are token prediction machines. Token predictors are easy to train because we're surrounded by written text - there's data nicely structured for use as training data for token prediction everywhere, free for the taking (especially if you ignore copyright law and robots.txt and crawl the entire web).
We can't train an LLM to have a more complex internal thought loop because there's no way to synthesize or acquire that internal training data in a way where you could perform backprop training with it.
Even "train of thought" models are reducing complex thoughts to simple token space as they iterate, and that is required because backprop only works when you can compute the delta between <input state> and <desired output state>. It can't work for anything more complicated or recursive than that.
Now this is literally something which occurs because of it being text autocomplete and the inherent issue of token based Large language models. So you are literally right :D
My point is that AI can have its issues and it can have its plus points (just like text autocomplete but some suggest its on steroids)
The issue to me feels like we are hammering it in absolutely everything and anything, perhaps it should be used more selectively, y'know, like perhaps a tool?
Yes, AI should be used as a tool for very specific things. Ones it’s trained on everything it’s completely useless. Anyone who is trying to use it for everyone will fail. I predict by 2030 (if not much sooner) ai bubble will burst. The only good outcome will be all this hardware used will be lequdated for pennies. Mark this prediction it will happen ;-)
Sufficiently good text autocomplete is indistinguishable from intelligence to an impartial observer, and that's the only honest criterion for intelligence.
I'm a little shocked that people discussing this topic could be so far apart! I'm completely serious.
Have you ever thought about how you would determine if an arbitrary given entity is intelligent or not? I think you'll agree it would require some kind of test. You might agree that the test would have to involve bidirectional interaction (since otherwise it would be impossible to distinguish an actual person from a recording of one).
> It's literally text autocomplete. You can dress it up however you want but it takes input text and outputs the most likely next sequence.
Last year this level of ignorance and cluelessness was amusing. Nowadays it's just sad and disappointing. It's like looking at a computer and downplaying it as something that just flips switches on and off.
> Yeah they all want to fire the guys who can make sense of the mess the vibe coders are doing and try to stop it.
You're grossly inflating the level of contribution from your average software developer. Are we supposed to believe that the same people who generated the high volume of mess that plagues legacy systems are now somehow suddenly exemplary craftsmen?
Also, it takes a huge volume of wilful ignorance and self delusion to fool yourself into believing that today's vibecoders are anyone other than yesterday's software developers. The criticism you are directing towards vibecoding is actually a criticism of your average developer's output reflecting their skill and know-how once their coding output outpaces or even ignores any kind of feedback from competent and experienced engineers.
What I see is a need to shit on a tool to try to inflate your sense if self worth.
I've seen which developers became vibecoders. They were the people I'd have wished to get rid of.
The ones who never acknowledge a mistake even if the process is crashing; the ones who put "return true" in a test so that the test doesn't execute and will insist that you broke their code if you remove the return true and when the test actually runs it fails; the ones who read a blog post about some new thing and decide we need to do like that; the ones who will write code that fails and then be nowhere to be seen when there is customer support to do.
> Gitlab is looking to lay off people like him. All major tech companies are currently raiding to fire such employees.
Gitlab has been strapped for cash and desperately seeking a buyer to cash out for years.
If anything, the LLM revolution represents an opportunity that Gitlab is failing to capitalize upon. They have a privileged position to develop pick axes for this gold rush, but apparently they are choosing to dismiss themselves from the race altogether.
Gitlab's decision is being taken in spite of LLMs, not because of them. Enough of this tired meme.
Ahh, are we there yet? Has non-deterministic computer use eroded your mind so much that you are starting to question the binary system? You know, the insight that computers are something that flips switches on and off is rather old, and I have heard it uttered (although slightly humorously) several times already, nobody ever raising any eyebrow hearing it.
This retort doesn't make any sense. Take humanity back perhaps 40k years ago and language did not even yet exist. Our token base was 0. Put an LLM in that scenario and it will endlessly cycle on nothing and produce nothing, stuck in a snapshot in time. Put humans in that situation, and soon enough you get us.
This is like saying that somebody speaking Chinese is just playing the Chinese Room [1] experiment. The only reason it's less immediately obviously absurd here is because the black box nature of LLMs obfuscates their relatively basic algorithmic functionality and let's people anthropomorphize it into being a brain.
If that is the argument though, current AI aren't just autocomplete - because we could reasonably show an AI an image or a video and have them call a tool rather than return text. That'd be comparable to a pre-language human.
I'm not seeing the comparison because what you're describing is not at all an internal or emergent process. Without a human there to hand-feed the AI access to create these tools, create the interface, and then hand feed all of it the LLM, none of this happens. This is like Kubrick's monolith, bumped up a few orders of magnitude.
> I'm not seeing the comparison because what you're describing is not at all an internal or emergent process.
And (1) that process isn't an autocomplete because it isn't reliably text->text. It could be visual->sound, sound-> action, visual->action or visual->visual or any combination. As well as proactively seeking out new stimulus. Modern LLMs aren't limited to text, they just happen to leverage a large model of the language as their most novel element.
(2) We're not talking about internal or emergent processes, we're talking about intelligence. No human is born intelligent. They go through a pretty similar process to LLMs where a lot of data gets dumped on them and they start responding to it.
Humans obviously need air to breathe. If you give us scuba lessons and extensive gear we can go underwater and keep breathing air, but the fundamental operation doesn't change. It's the same with LLMs. When you send an image to an LLM it's not parsed by the LLM but handed off to a separate program that converts it into a text format for the LLM which then is then sent back to the same old autocomplete process.
And yes humans are born intelligent. Have children and it's the most amazing and beautiful thing watching them begin to create out of nothing. For instance with absolutely zero prompting or external guidance children will begin to engage in intentful make believe play, like starting to share their food with their favorite toy.
But this 'something from nothing' is also essentially required if you think about it. Try to put yourself back in primitive man's shoes some tens of thousands of years ago. You know basically nothing about the world around you, yet in the blink of an eye we've discovered the secrets of the atom, put a man on the Moon, created mathematics from nothing, created all the underlying technology and infrastructure required for us to have our little debate here online, and so much more.
> Take humanity back perhaps 40k years ago and language did not even yet exist.
This is not quite accurate. The human lips, throat etc have evolved to be better at producing speech, which indicates that it's not that recent. And that it was a factor in the success of groups who could do it better than others.
It likely started "no later than 150,000 to 200,000 years ago."
They're getting paid to encode some inane prompt into paragraphs of text, and then they're getting paid again to summarize that back into something with even less value than the original prompt. And they're making money hand over fist because people are happier to play that game rather than just pushing back on the jerks sending them pages of generated garbage in the first place.
I would agree with you, except right now the walls of text come from people using the free or very cheap versions of ChatGPT, et al. So there's not even anyone making money off of it.
We are at war with Iran, indirectly at war with Russia and likely about to be at war with Cuba and indirectly with China. Automotive plants in the US are about to be converted to make military vehicles and weapons. Oddly enough this is barely being covered. The framework is being put in place to reinstate the draft. All of the "peace talks" with Iran have been stalling tactics by both sides. Their plan is to wait until Trump loses the mid-terms and is impeached and that may not be the end of it. The war with Iran could potentially drag on for decades and could impact resource distribution world wide. I would expect fuel rationing to start in July or August. At some point afterwards grocery stores will somehow limit purchases. The corporate news will cover these things at some point.
Pointlessly attacking Iran doesn't really make it a war. It's just Trump doing whatever netenyahoo tells him to do and Iran not being too bothered. Not really a war. Trump could stop anytime.
As for Russia, hardly at war with them either. Trump is Putin's bitch.
Regardless of who is president next the war with Iran will continue. I would absolutely love to be wrong. This has been in the planning for a very long time and he just happened to be the first one to assist Israel. We could speculate why, probably some level of narcissism and wanting to be in history books but the reason won't matter. It's too late, the deep state will not let anyone back out after a taste of funding.
If you would like some deeper discussion on the topic there is a halfway decent talk from Professor Jiang on DOAC. [1] He had many of the same predictions I had mentioned here on HN some time back which nobody here agreed with and they have all come true. We are just getting started in this quagmire.
Don't let Fox news mislead people into thinking that air strikes will do anything to end this.
Why would any other president with a few brain cells go to war with Iran when the Obama administration had a deal with Iran to not acquire nuclear weapons in return for lifting sanctions, which was working?
Yes the US was paying extortion money. Billions. Iran wanted more. It's all moot at this point, Israel attacked Iran and the US agreed to assist them. Trying to bully Trump was a mistake as they found out. For what it's worth it was not "working". Iran was still enriching Uranium and would have eventually become a nuclear power which nobody in the middle east or Europe wants. Iran has missiles that can almost reach Europe and they were not far away from extending that range. It was time to put the bully down, though I do not agree with the way it is being done. Air strikes are like playing whack-a-mole. Boots will be required on the ground to take over the under-mountain missile cities and that will be a shit show. I can completely understand their hesitation to do it.
I think twitter is an odd-one-out here, twitter as a whole has been heading down hill ever since the acquisition, and I wouldn't be surprised if many of those blue checks are officially sanctioned bots. Especially given the way so many of them push the same narratives that Musk does at the same time he does.
It’s mainly an odd one out because bluechecks have access to monetization and get pushed to the top of replies. It’s basically a wishlist for bad actors.
Agreed, but I left twitter even before the right-hand-raising oligarch took over. The reason was that censorship started to kick in aka twitter staff writing me a mail that my "conduct" is not appropriate. Basically they try to reduce the "aggressiveness" in written content. Well, that's already an assumption on their part; and in any discourse with orthogonal opinions, you can not really reconcile such positions anyway, so I don't need some 20 years old from India hired by Twitter to tell me what I should or should not do (though, realistically it was a bot actually that just scanned for content). I noticed that censorship is increasing on "social" websites. Reddit as an example is a mega-censorship site - the amount of deletion by crazy mods is insane.
Bots are indeed killing twitter now. I noticed more and more were leaving permanently. Musk evidently accelerated the decay here. There is something wrong with his mindset here, it's almost as if it is pathological. His perception of things is genuinely distorted, and I am not even 100% certain he is completely aware of it; he must be partially aware, but it seems there is also something wrong with the brain. No wonder he gets along with Trump - that one now has clearly dementia narcissism in the final stage.
No, they're already being suppressed. They'll take the easiest action possible to ease the pain, which means voting for whoever does away with the fines.
Yes. But there is still a significant difference between some agency snooping around when it shouldn't and police physically taking your things, and exactly that happened both under the current and the previous german administration, just for milquetoasty insults ("idiot" and "<cancellor> suck balls", respectively). Both cases are great examples of the Streisand effect btw, there is even a short film about the first one.
There's a fair number of non-bot MAGA voters in here too. The usual pattern is they say something stupid and then whine and bitch about the downvotes they get. Unfortunately the slavering morons are all around us these days.
The Trump administration is basically Reagan 2.0, but our political process has degraded to the point where the corruption and graft are even more blatant this time. Many of the current cabinet were involved in the Reagan admin too.
Their actions are the same - gutting the administrative state, squashing environmental regulations, persecuting queer people and racial minorities. Mass deportations. These were all hallmarks of the terrible Reagan presidency too. Even "Make America Great Again" is a reused slogan from the Reagan days.
Unfortunately the same uneducated morons who hold Reagan up as a great president are behind Trump right now, cheering this car crash of an administration even as they get us involved in new wars.
I think that normalizes the radical changes Trump has made, including aggressively challenging election results, ending the independence of the Department of Justice and FBI, and using them to attack political enemies, extraordinary expansion of a federal law enforcement force (apparently to serve Trump's political interests), nationalist trade policies including high tariffs, undermining national security allies, undermining intelligence secrecy, appointing people highly unqualified by existing standards, threatening freedom of the press (including having private sector allies acquire a dominant share of news and other public communication), ...
You're right that it's worse this time, but I draw the comparison because I believe the same forces are at work. Reagan was installed because republicans and racists (I repeat myself) were upset about the civil rights movement. Trump was installed because republicans were upset about gay marriage and trans people. It's all grievance politics from the worlds most fragile children.
> Trump was installed because republicans were upset about gay marriage and trans people.
And Obama. Trumpism was in part a reactionary movement against mainstream conservatism from the alt-right/Tea Party set that the Republicans tried to court and control, who turned against the establishment when the Republicans wouldn't go far enough. It isn't at all a coincidence that the President after Obama was the man responsible for normalizing many of the conspiracy theories about him.
> Reagan was installed because republicans ... were upset about the civil rights movement.
While I think that motivation was involved, I think a much stronger argument is that Reagan was elected because interest rates and inflation reached ~20%, unimaginable numbers today. It's very hard to imagine anyone getting re-elected in that situation.
Also, international affairs played a role: The US had suffered a highly demoralizing defeat in Vietnam, was being humiliated by the Iranians holding US hostages, and looked weak in regard to the USSR. Reagan promised a new, more aggressive approach.
Also, it wasn't so much Republicans who elected Reagan but Democrats - 'Reagan Democrats' - who crossed over and elected Reagan, who won overwhelmingly: 489-49 in the electoral college, 42-8 states, 44-35 million popular vote.
Believe it or not, for most of history people did not so strictly vote for parties. Johnson beat Goldwater and Nixon beat McGovern similarly.
> republicans and racists (I repeat myself)
It depends on your definition of racist. IMHO a few people actively strategize for racism and/or white (male and/or Christan) nationalism; in the US they probably are Republican if anything, I think.
Most people follow the behavior and norms of those around them (the strategists target them by normalizing racists behavior). They don't have strong beliefs and are racists mostly by ignorance, IMHO. That's not an excuse - we are responsible for our actions and ignorance just adds another layer to our errors.
Certainly not all Republicans are racist. You might ask, how can they vote for candidates pushing openly or subtly racist policies? The same could be asked of Democrats in many elections.
Many white democrats and their candidates are similarly racist from ignorance, and probably more were back then. From what I've read, most thought that racism had been resolved due to the mid-1960s laws such as the Voting Rights Act, and there were few problems remaining. That was and is a laughably ignorant point of view. You can see people today embrace it - see polls on how many white people think racism is a solved problem and how many black people experience it. How many white people think that the job market is generally a meritocracy (that somehow yields rewards to mostly white people, especially men). How many do nothing in the face of generations of discrimination Plenty bought into the dog-whistle anti-school busing movement, or Bill Clinton's 'superpredator' policy.
Martin Luther King's Letter from a Birmingham Jail was directed to the "white moderate"; an excerpt:
"... I must confess that over the past few years I have been gravely disappointed with the white moderate. I have almost reached the regrettable conclusion that the Negro's great stumbling block in his stride toward freedom is not the White Citizen's Counciler or the Ku Klux Klanner, but the white moderate, who is more devoted to "order" than to justice; who prefers a negative peace which is the absence of tension to a positive peace which is the presence of justice; who constantly says: "I agree with you in the goal you seek, but I cannot agree with your methods of direct action"; who paternalistically believes he can set the timetable for another man's freedom; who lives by a mythical concept of time and who constantly advises the Negro to wait for a "more convenient season." Shallow understanding from people of good will is more frustrating than absolute misunderstanding from people of ill will. Lukewarm acceptance is much more bewildering than outright rejection. ..."
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