Because these hybrids would contain mtDNA from their human female line. Neanderthal mtDNA could only be passed down by Neanderthal females.
And because none of those are found in any modern human populations, we can conclude no humans today are descended from female Neanderthals. Though whether hybridized descendants from male-sapiens female-Neanderthal pairings never existed, or they did exist for some time then eventually went extinct, we cannot currently say with certainty.
Strictly speaking we don't know that. It may always turn up an extremely rare Y or mtdna variant which was thought to be extinct. Ötzi's mt like was thought to be extinct (Wikipedia page even still says so) but very recently a North African man took a full mtdna test and it turned out he had the same. That could happen with neanderthal variants too for all we know.
> we can conclude no humans today are descended from female Neanderthals.
that looks worded wrong, strictly speaking. if there's a male neanderthal ancestor, then he very likely has a neanderthal mom or grandma or ... great^N grandma for some N.
We don't know that. I cannot imagine we have a perfectly accurate mapping of all mDNA neanderthals had. All current mDNA could actually have been neanderthal at one point in history.
How would we know otherwise? With absolute accuracy?
We certainly don't have access to thousands upon thousands of samples. Do we?
Most governments can only accept offers that are made to them. If you want to get chosen next time, find out how your government's tender process works, and engage in that process. These are giant US companies whose business differentiator is knowing the government purchase process so they can sell things to the government when others don't.
Public procurement tenders in the EU for city, state and federal contracts often stipulate that the bidding company must have something like three years of consecutive p. a. revenues exceeding anything from €300.000 to €1.000.000 - please tell me how even a freelance developer who bills through their LLC can reasonably participate here on EU rates?
I don't see how this is about people finding out how their government's processes work. Most people in the EU are painfully aware of our horribly broken public procurement schemes.
reply