They got smarter about it in the late 70's. The rich don't even have to send guys anymore, they just send guns to the local thugs with an agreement that those thugs will, upon seizing power, hook the local economy into the US banking system.
The thugs get to keep the loans, but the debt gets transferred to the local community, which cements the "somebody who isn't you gets to create abstractions that you have to treat as money"-part of the deal.
The words that used to go with it are "progressive free-market policies", but I think Kamala Harris recently called it "anti-corruption" or something along those lines.
More like, "IRS". Taxation is the demand for the currency. Even if you conduct all trade with other people in seashells (or whatever), you'd still need to obtain dollars to pay your taxes.
A 2.5mg/kg dose would be (extrapolating linearly) like a ~200mg dose for a 65-70kg adult. That's wayyy more that most casual users take, probably enough to induce a "k-hole" in the majority of people. Would be a curious to see results for a more realistic dose. Maybe extrapolating linearly is not appropriate however, not a pharmacology expert...
(And good point on the K-hole, in completely naive users my understanding is that this would likely induce a K-hole under IV conditions, but also we have to remember there are dose curve spike flattenings that happen depending upon dosing delivery methods due to transporter saturation, for example, etc as well....)
My wife takes ketamine troches as an adjunct to another antidepressant she is on. She needs to ramp down off that older antidepressant before she starts a new one and the ketamine helps keep depression at bay while she ramps down her dose.
My wife is 5'7" (170cm) and weighs 125 lbs (57kg), and takes 150mg five nights a week. That is about 2.6mg/kg. When she first started taking it the only side effect was on occasion she'd get double vision. Twice in a year she has had a night where it hits hard and she needs me to set with her because the disassociative aspect is unsettling to her. 99% of the time, though, she said it is like being mildly drunk, like after a glass of wine or two, nowhere near k-hole territory.
She has no other experience (recreational or therapeutically) with psychedelics/disassociatives. Perhaps the antidepressant she is taking dampens the effect of the ketamine.
All in all, she is glad to have the antidepressants, but there has been no silver bullet. It is always lurking just below the surface and she is constantly aware/afraid that it will resurface in full force.
Five nights a week is quite a lot, she may have some strong tolerance as well. It's a semi-low to moderate dose for pain patients I believe IIRC just a higher dosing rate compared to the median rates that I commonly see.
There is some promise with NAC and the bladder nightmare that can happen, but yes agreed, those bladder problems can be heinous, and accepting a mildly reduced efficacy in the short term for the trade of being able to maintain this longer term is the risk argument that I think I'd be making here. <3 :))))
It is a doctor's prescription. You might say that the frequent use has increased her tolerance, but she had no other effects even at the start (other than occasional double vision).
I wouldn't really honestly recommend it like that, there are too many asterisks to say 'PSA ket should probably not be taken orally '
Oral has the least bioavailability, but unless one is taking dangerous doses what I've heard is it doesn't likely matter. People will lose so much more in the dosing runaway spiral than from administration method -- you're going to reach a stable point either way if you're holding a certain dose, I believe. I've heard oral is less than ideal for trying to maximize dose response time and efficiency for amount-taken, but IM for example even far outstrips oral or nasal (once again, as implied earlier, I only recommend and advocate for appropriately medically prescribed and dosed Ketamine.
Edit: also a bit of a wtf after the fact but who the heck is taking Ketamine subcutaneously? On first blush, that sounds certainly nightmarish compared to any of the other injection methods.
> Also PSA ket should probably not be taken orally as it will damage your bladder (it always does but I think oral ingestion is worse for this)
I'd like some data to support this.
My understanding is you're going to pee it out (or pee out the waste products from it) one way or another. Oral dosage lasts longer, so theoretically the time it spends entering your bladder is longer, but I don't see why it would be that much of a difference.
The main issue with oral usage is that it's much weaker, you need to take much more for similar effects.
But insufflation damages your nose and sense of smell, so oral is my preferred method.
I've never heard of taking it subcutaneously. I'd plug it long before I'd try that
"The so-called ‘psychotically depressed’ person who tries to kill herself doesn’t do so out of quote ‘hopelessness’ or any abstract conviction that life’s assets and debits do not square. And surely not because death seems suddenly appealing. The person in whom Its invisible agony reaches a certain unendurable level will kill herself the same way a trapped person will eventually jump from the window of a burning high-rise. Make no mistake about people who leap from burning windows. Their terror of falling from a great height is still just as great as it would be for you or me standing speculatively at the same window just checking out the view; i.e. the fear of falling remains a constant. The variable here is the other terror, the fire’s flames: when the flames get close enough, falling to death becomes the slightly less terrible of two terrors. It’s not desiring the fall; it’s terror of the flames. And yet nobody down on the sidewalk, looking up and yelling ‘Don’t!’ and ‘Hang on!’, can understand the jump. Not really. You’d have to have personally been trapped and felt flames to really understand a terror way beyond falling."
The problem with this analogy is that it, in life, any problem representing fire is going to change. Aside from terminal illness. Wallace didn’t have the perspective to see that.
I think WASAPI has comparable latency to ASIO drivers. I can get around 20-30ms latency with WASAPI though ASIO takes me down to 10-15. Granted I'm using a dedicated USB audio interface though.
You should be able to easily sustain below 5ms buffer size, and RT_PREEMPT Linux has no problems keeping a few hundred microseconds of buffer filled (a suitable PCIe soundcard should easily make 100us buffer level reliable; that's 9.6 samples at 96kHz sample rate).
Yes, sub-ms latency is hard. But the infrastructure exists.
I think the author takes issue with it not being intuitive, which is understandable. They do seem to acknowledge the generality is beneficial, however.
Because its the obvious outcome of the ancap principles that many on here are strongly in favour of. Company appeals to the largest market share by designing devices that work well for the majority of people. It just happens that HN readers are in the minority on this one.
Yes. The lottery is (supposed to be) uniformly random. You cannot do better than choosing a random number. If you could do so provably, that would mean the lottery wasn't fair.
It has shown to be correlated with better outcomes. It is also correlated with being healthier, being active, and eating better. As far as I understand there is no strong evidence for a causal relationship.
To be clear, if you live in the northern hemisphere, you should be taking vitamin D. It's cheap and at worst harmless. But that's not the same as saying it will improve the outcome of covid patients.
IV calcifediol (Vitamin D) in early-stage COVID has improved outcomes in small randomized controlled trials.
Oral vitamin D has been shown to be ineffective at this point, but this isn't surprising: it takes a long time of sustained oral supplementation to raise levels.
Then there's a whole lot of evidence showing correlation, but as you point out, low vitamin D is an indicator of frailty. This is much weaker evidence.
I think it's likely that taking oral vitamin D before infection probably improves outcomes somewhat.
I haven’t heard vitamin d administration is associated with better outcomes, but I’ve heard that vitamin d levels are inversely correlated with outcomes - i.e., people should take a blood test and determine if they are vitamin d deficient, and supplement as needed.
> Of 50 patients treated with calcifediol, one required admission to the ICU (2%), while of 26 untreated patients, 13 required admission (50 %) p value X2 Fischer test p < 0.001.
Strengths: Randomized, very strong effect, strongly statistically significant.
Weaknesses: single trial, single center, relatively small sample, not blinded.
> Greater proportion of vitamin D-deficient individuals with SARS-CoV-2 infection turned SARS-CoV-2 RNA negative with a significant decrease in fibrinogen on high-dose cholecalciferol supplementation.
Strengths: Randomized, blinded trial
Weaknesses: single trial, single center, relatively small sample, secondary outcome measure
I will say, I've been regularly taking Vitamin D for a while and recently started having some low back pain. Talked to the doctor and was told to take some magnesium. Apparently it is used along with Vitamin D. So if you find yourself in my situation, talk to your doctor.
Half true, you can take too much [0], it's just that it either has to build up over a long time or be from dosages far larger than you can buy without a prescription.
