Salmonella and it causes are very regional in EU. Places like Finland have basically 0 cases of salmonella caused by domestic poultry products per year. If there salmonella is found from any chicken in the flock, the whole flock will be quarantined and generally fully slaughtered (meat & eggs must be pasteurized after the slaughter if they are sold). In 2023 0.1% of the tested flocks had salmonella.
Let's say currently it costs $15 to make thing 1m units of X in China and $50 to make 10k of them in the USA. USA could be scaled to make 50k of them for $40 and 100k for $30. 1m could cost like $25. There are people for who are ready to pay more for local products so the current production volume makes sense, but majority of people will go for cheaper option when given the chance so it doesn't make sense to scale up the production currently. If the import cost of the item goes above local production cost and there is still enough demand for the item, it can make sense to scale up that production even if you cannot compete with the China made things internationally.
Of course that assumes your own costs (like raw materials) do not increase at least on the same scale and that you can rely on the situation being long-term thing (i.e. will last years rather than weeks) as costs include your CapEx on things like new machines.
> say currently it costs $15 to make thing 1m units of X in China and $50 to make 10k of them in the USA. USA could be scaled to make 50k of them for $40 and 100k for $30. 1m could cost like $25.
So here we are assuming that we could get a 50% reduction in cost by scaling to 1m units of a thing. The problem with this logic is that many product categories currently made overseas were produced domestically at scale until relatively recently.
This assumption also appears to imply that the goods in question either have a very low labor input or are produced using automation that is not available to Chinese manufacturers.
Reframing my initial question, what advantages would a US manufacturer have today that they didn't have in e.g. 1990 that would allow them to manufacture for only 66% more than the same manufacturing in China?
In Finland any shop that sells small batteries must also offer to recycle them for free.
There is similar rule for bottles/cans with deposits (similar to CRV though values are quite a bit higher, 0.10-0.40€ depending on size/material). If you sell something for which customer needs to pay the deposit for you also need to accept them & pay back the deposit.
> In Germany at least, code written by AI is not copyrightable
> There are nuances, so if you create a macro and then that macro writes something but it is completely determined by you then it should be ok.
How far does that extend? Like would IntelliSense cause your code to not be copyrightable? It's not that different from AI autocomplete on principal level. It shows you some options, but you make the final decision what to use.
And what about binaries? These days there are not many people who could tell the exact binary that is produced by certain source code.
IANAL, but the distinction is whether you are using the tool as a tool, in which case the code is still your creation, vs. the tool is the creator - and in this case I have to refer to a German definition as it was given to me - Geistiger Schöpfer (lit. spiritual creator), here [0] they define it as "An agent who is responsible for creating a work". Clearly this is something that would have to be decided by courts in some cases.
If we adjust to these numbers, we need to quadruple the number of paying users, up to some 1.2% of the total user base. Let's add a safety margin, and bump it to 2%.
> It is not legal, anywhere, to (for example) borrow a DVD from someone, copy it, and give the original back. In some jurisdictions you have a right to backups, and a right to resale, but you emphatically do not have a right to privately copy.
If the DVD doesn't have strong DRM (which is pretty rare, CSS counts as strong DRM) you are allowed to make a private copy in Finland. There is a levy on various storage mediums to compensate private copying. I believe there are similar laws in other countries based on https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Private_copying_levy
I'm not 100% sure if strictly downloading from illegal source makes downloader liable for damages, as far as I know in all court cases there was seeding involved (in Finland).
Of course the levy is somewhat questionable these days since pretty much everything has strong DRM (as bar is very low) and thus you are not allowed to make copies. The authors who protect their work with strong DRM still get part of the levies though.
Canada has (had?) something similar. Once the movie and music industry got a significant tax levied on recordable media (flash cards, optical media, etc.) pirating became defacto legal.
At least this is what some Canadians explained to me once.
I mean yeah, it doesn't even touch what is happening inside your body in order to actually press those buttons. Or what forces are being converted and how they affect the surroundings.
You may say that as a joke, but looking back at my education, this is in part what I did later, after uni, when I thought about things to learn next. In my mind, I started explaining stuff in depth, and found the many many many holes in my apparently quite superficial school knowledge.
I think this would be excellent as a once-in-a-while exercise to teach the complexity of it all, after we went the other way to abstract the hell out of everything to make it more palatable. A reality check, so to speak, and as a check for everyone about the many holes in their understanding. Basically, in support of something that has been posted here more than once, this blog post: http://johnsalvatier.org/blog/2017/reality-has-a-surprising-...
In the last few years I read a lot of easily digestible progression fantasy on RoyalRoad. One frequent theme is rebirth or isekai on another world, one that's usually much more primitive. Often the main character starts bringing earth technology ideas into the new world. And every single time it is obvious that the authors very, VERY severely the complexity and difficulty of even the smallest thing that we take for granted. My favorite blog post describing an extremely simple product, and how large and sophisticated its supply chain is: https://medium.com/@kevin_ashton/what-coke-contains-221d4499...
To me, this shows that some more awareness of how much complexity there is in things might be valuable.
Being more aware of the connections across our abstractions also helps finding what's missing. It could also help to find optimizations across abstraction borders, instead of limiting oneself to only looking within ones favorite abstraction layer.
This would be an interesting way to frame an entire series of textbooks covering pretty much all of science, electrical engineering, and CS. The entire premise being "you type a URL into your browser and it loads the requested webpage".
Each textbook in the series at the depth of a bachelors degree, split by relevant subject including physics, chemistry, biology, neuroscience, materials science, electrical engineering, hardware design, kernel and device driver design, systems level networking, and all the remaining browser engine, VM, security, and webdev stuff.
To keep the task at least theoretically tractable cut off at the NIC in the local box.
Who knew you could premise a textbook on protein folding on "how a web page is loaded"?
great idea! i knew a physics professor once who developed an entire semester using "how racecars work" as his guiding light. i think he wrote a textbook, but i can't find it.
not: the physics of racecars, that is explaining racecar dynamics given physics fundamentals, rather explaining the fundamentals using racecars instead of spherical cows. i think not very different to first semester analog ee courses using hifi audio as the basis.
I think it's funny to imagine the existential dread as a single unique instance of emotion that everything else feeds back into. Like - no, I'm not "having existential dread again", it's the same existential dread I've been having since the beginning...
> It always pains me when people spout stuff about GDPR that they think they know but dont.
Are you trying to suggest end user IPs are not PII? There is judgement from CJEU (Patrick Breyer v Bundesrepublik Deutschland, ECLI:EU:C:2016:779) regarding the older Data Protection Directive that IP address is personal data if the service provider can give the IP address to competent authority and that authority has a way to connect it to user. As most (all?) EU countries mandate that ISPs keep logs that match IP address to subscriber and competent authority can get this information, the IP address is almost always PII.
Or is your auditor suggesting that GDPR is less strict than the older directive regarding this case? From my reading the only real difference was that GDPR added a bit more precision on what reasonable actions are ("such as the costs of and the amount of time required for identification, taking into consideration the available technology at the time of the processing and technological developments"). At least to me the example given in the court case would be reasonable when taking those in account.
You can, of course, have legitimate interest to collect it (like many other forms of PII as well), even for cases where the data subject cannot object to it. It doesn't change the fact that it's almost certainly PII.
You probably didn't realize what to look for. There are quite a lot of kobans (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C5%8Dban), especially in busy locations. Seeing police patrolling around the area is rare sight from my experience though (disclaimer: Experience strictly as tourist).
reply