I'd start by learning Prolog. It is a border-line mystical experience. It took me a lot longer to understand Prolog and become effective in it than anything else I've learned, but nothing else has changed my perspective about problem solving more.

Check out "Simply Logic" -- free ebook. It'll give you an intro into first order predicate logic and Prolog simultaneously.

I'd suggest solving AoC2023 puzzles in Prolog. It'll give you a decent coverage of the language and some of its advanced features.