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We Are Now In Command of the ISEE-3 Spacecraft (spacecollege.org)
466 points by jwise0 on May 29, 2014 | hide | past | favorite | 62 comments


Are there any technical details available? It would be super interesting to see all the stuff that is re-developed from old specs, and to see how all the calculations and commands fit together to reach thw mission goals, or even what the received data and telemetry looks like.

Or is this kept confidential to try to prevent outsiders from going at it like in that xkcd posted in the comments here? Or is the only "protection" based on the requirement to have access to those huge observatories?


All the public information is available here: http://spacecollege.org/isee3/


only "protection"

Arecibo isn't like a public library or something. You can't just go in and start hitting buttons! They used it as the climax of a Bond movie!


Not of Arecibo, of the satellite. Do you need to authenticate with the probe?


I doubt it's more complicated than knowing the language and having the proper transmission hardware. 1978 seems a little early to be worrying about hacks of that variety. That said the hardware could also have some kind of encryption built in. I'll ask if I get a chance, though - I hope to get some details from the project soon.


> 1978 seems a little early to be worrying about hacks of that variety.

Interesting, then, that the scenario already appeared in fiction by 1950 (in the Tintin story Objectif Lune/Destination Moon)


I think pointing at it is probably the most difficult part.


No, the probe has no onboard computer. You just need a big enough dish (or network of dishes) and Arecibo is the only thing big enough right now.


> Arecibo is the only thing big enough right now. Not entirely true. How did they control it in the 1970's?

They chose Aricebo because it allows them to use very low power antennas to communicate. The size of the dish makes up for the lower power transmission.

In the past, they used high-powered antenna arrays.


Arecibo's main transmitter is in the Megawatt range, hardly 'lower power'.

For short pulses momentary power output reaches Terawatts!


Very true. Keep in mind, though, higher power is more expensive.

They've said in the past (I'm failing to find the reference right now) that they chose Arecibo because of the high-gain of the antenna. I believe that the amplifiers that they're actually using above the dish are somewhere around 700 Watts.

Antennas with large effective apertures (of which Arecibo's is the largest) are considered high gain antennas, which have small angular beam widths. Friis' Transmission Equation shows that you could use low-power transmitters, but still maintain high boresight with a sufficiently large antenna surface. :)


Yep, here's the amplifier:

http://spacecollege.org/isee3/isee-3-reboot-amplifier-instal...

It is an AR 700S1G4 with rated minimum output power of 700W, and will be used in S-band. Here's the datasheet:

http://www.arww-rfmicro.com/post/700S1G4.pdf

At these frequencies, the Arecibo dish has a gain of around 72dBi, putting the EIRP at about 7 gigawatts.

For scale, a typical wifi router has an EIRP of around 50 milliwatts, so this is about 140 billion times more powerful.


Thanks for digging that up!


If they do manage to fire the engines, it has to pass through the lunar shadow on the way back to Earth and as it's running off solar panels this means a total shutdown, which it's never done before (alas, the uptime!). Let's hope it comes back up!


Nooo, the uptime!!


Up for 12,957 days. I'm jealous.


I'd be surprised if the probe doesn't carry some batteries exactly for this kind of event...


After more than 30 years I'd have to consider any batteries suspect... Much less ones that spent their time in space.

Considering it was meant to spend its life at L1 it may not have any batteries. Then again it also doesn't have a computer so it should be fairly robust.


Damning praise on site populated by technorati.


It does have batteries on board however after its long life they appear to be dead.[1]

1 - http://www.thespacereview.com/article/1697/1


According to that article, it also lost power briefly for the same reason during a set of maneuvers that were used to repurpose it decades ago, so it's not the first time this problem has come up either.


But that was near the beginning of its life, so the batteries would have worked.



There was an article linked here a while back on the guy who designed that trajectory. It was completely intentional that ISEE3 would eventually return for further usage.


Further, he would arrange it so that mission milestones happened on colleagues' birthdays or anniversaries, just because he could. What a guy.


"Sorry honey, we can't go out to dinner for our anniversary...I have to be at mission control."


Autistic Comedian?



The trajectory designer was Bob Farquhar. He's been involved with the space program since the late 1950s. An amazing guy. Here's his recently-published memoir:

http://outskirtspress.com/webpage.php?ISBN=9781432759278


That's one heck of a game of shoots and ladders.


... it's seen attack ships off the shoulder of Orion..


Alright alright, enough of that.


Whoa I did not know anything about this story until now ><

On a related note, I also just noticed that the "Arecibo Radio Observatory" was in Goldeneye!


The Arecibo observatory has the world's largest radio telescope. They're very well known -- while they've been involved with a lot of space research, they're particularly famous for being the transmit site for the Arecibo Message:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arecibo_message


It was also in the movie Contact, if I remember correctly.


> We have successfully commanded both of ISEE-3's data multiplexers into engineering telemetry mode. The current bitrate is 512 bits/sec.

BITS not even BYTES, let alone kilobytes.


http://eyes.nasa.gov/dsn/dsn.html , you'll catch the DSN every now and then downlinking the voyager spacecrafts at about 160 bits/sec.


That's an awesome page, thanks!

I happen to see VGR1 pulling down data at "159.00 b/sec" right now.


I don't really understand why this page reports the received power in kW? This will inevitable result all reported power levels be some 10^-p with p > 3.

Also Watt is not a very useful unit here. You want something like dB(mW) which is much handier to work with. Good thing is, you just have to look at the exponent to get a rough dB(mW) figure: 10·log_10(m) - (p-6)·10, p being the exponent, m being the mantissa; for a quick estimate let m = 5, 10·log_10(5) =~= 7. So for the p = -23 this gives about -167dB(mW), which is accurate enough.


Okay, that is going into rotation on one of the "inforads" ... Super super cool.


Still faster than a 300bps modem that was sold years later and that only had to run over a short run of terrestrial copper.


Didn't they usually have 2 air gaps with acoustic transmission in the loop, though?


by 1981 or so the acoustic coupler was antiquated. The modem had a controller that handled telephony stuff like dialing, hanging up, etc and a you'd just plug your POTS rj-11 straight into it.


My very first modem was a 300bps box that plugged straight into the phone line. I remember being frustrated that I could read faster than the text came in, even though I was only 8 years old or so at the time. When we got a 2400bps modem, it was fantastic that stuff came in faster than I could read it.

Bringing the conversation back to space, one of the first things we did with the modem was dial into some public NASA BBS (long distance!) and download pictures from Voyager.


Data transmission is always measured in bits.


Yes, the OP was just commenting at how amazingly slow the connection is. These days we don't think about individual bits per second.


Is this the satellite NASA had given up because there was no communications equipment left?


Funding, as always, seems to have been the issue.

If NASA doesn’t have the money for it (or thinks they have better things to do with the money), they can’t do anything. The explanation of not having access to communications equipment is more about the cost of restoring that ability, not any claim that contacting the probe would in principle be impossible.

The message is more or less that they don’t just have some device standing around they can flip on and sit some intern in front of it for a few hours to get this going. NASA wanted to express that substantially more effort would be required.

It seems that many people (including people at NASA) are donating a lot of resources, time and money to this project. That’s why this can happen. But NASA can’t budget with the expectation of receiving donations.


"Can't" is a bit simplistic.

Think of it like that old piece of software you wrote when you were young that you've since abandoned, because you know, about 20 years have passed, no one uses AppleII's anymore, 126 some odd other pieces of software that do exactly the same thing but better and faster have been released, and also mobile happened. Besides, you have a job now doing modern things for modern reasons that are actually valuable to people and the world and stuff, so really there's not even a reason to figure out how a 5 and a quarter floppy drive can possibly connect to your rMBP to have a look at the code and see if an emulator or whatever would make it run right.

But if someone wants to throw $151,000 in donations at it, sure kids, have a ball. And yeah, of course we'll reminisce and have some fun with it over a beer or two. Those were the good old days, after all, when we were real rocket scientists, and space probes Farquharing around the solar system on a perfectly choreographed dance of not just one mission, but three—no, not two, three—what do you think it's doing right now? You think this kind of thing just happens by chance? Have fun—and bring her back in one piece, will ya?


It sure is!

I'd love to see some more technical details but according to this article:

http://www.planetary.org/blogs/emily-lakdawalla/2014/0207083...

Goddard claimed that they couldn't rebuild the hardware that was used to talk to ISEE-3 at reasonable cost.

The Space College project are using SDR: http://spacecollege.org/isee3/isee-3-reboot-project-status-a...

And they used their funding to buy some custom amplifier gear to send to Arecibo.


Simply amazing.


Twitch spacecraft anyone?


The fact that this machine is still in operation is awesome. What a piece of engineering.


Brilliantly impressive. Especially considering they're operating out of an old McDonalds on the NASA Ames campus.


A former McDonalds. At first I was thinking you meant they were using McDonalds' free wifi for connecting to the satellite.


Another xkcd has come true! http://xkcd.com/1337/


Randall's congratulations: http://blog.xkcd.com/2014/05/30/isee-3/


Just noticed the url is "LEET" too.


These things happen when people number things in sequence.


Computer hacking (I know, I know, "cracking") is not THAT common a topic in XKCD - I'm sure Randall knew 1337 was coming up and chose a relevant comic to use that day.


Wow. This is an amazing achievement!


Woo Hoo!




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