https://www.usb.org/usb-charger-pd says "The USB Power Delivery (USB PD) Specification enables the maximum functionality of USB by providing more flexible power delivery along with data over a single cable."
The interesting bits of the spec use extra pins from Type-C, so for the most part it's Type-C's charging norm.
...and even aside of USB PD, USB-C The Connector does have a standard way to signalize maximum charging current (0.5/0.9A, 1.5A or 3A at 5V) without using PD.
Charging is essential and had to be standardized. Fast charging is a bonus.