In the US, we mostly don't name buildings. There are some high profile exceptions, but largely, you'd send mail to a numbered address:
Joe Smith, Unit 123B, 1234 Something Street, Virginia, 20191, USA
And in conversation, when describing where you live, you'd say the street name or neighborhood name. And, if needed, the street address as above.
Apartment buildings often have names, but, in my experience, they're rarely used outside real estate listings.
In NYC, most of the housing projects have names like "the donovan houses" or "clairmont estates." It might not be super common like in britain but we do have it here.
Yeah, same here in DC. But, at least here, you rarely refer to the building that way. Mail will be the numerical street address, not building name. In casual discussion, we'd likely say "I live on the 2000 block of Constitution Ave" instead of "I live the Yuppiemont Building" (Watergate and similar high profile boilings being the exception).
For the most part, yes. The farm might also have a name (chosen by the current owners, not particularly in common use, etc).
There was also a nationwide initiative to make addresses more standardized inside a county. So the address for a house might be on a numbered road and reflect the location of that property along the road (this is just a common pattern, not a top down standard).
Pretty much everything in rural areas in the UK is just done b y names of properties along with the area or nearest village - some roads do have names but they tend to only be used by locals (and no signposts, of course).
Mind you all properties have postcodes and most roads have a designation of some kind - mind you I couldn't tell you the number of the road we live near without looking it up.
The best UK mailing label I've seen (on a 19th? century wooden crate bound for Dunvegan Castle) was:
Route via Derby, Grantham, Ft William, Mallaig, David McBrayne's steamer to Armadale, and road delivery to Dunvegan.
Do the postal codes uniquely ID a residence on their own? My dad's old address (from his youth) was:
The Coolins, Emma Terrace, Blairgowrie PH10 6JA
Does the code get the package to the right address on it's own? I'm guessing not, but the UK does use alpha-numeric codes (US is numeric only), so has a broader range of codes available for fine-tuning delivery.
And in conversation, when describing where you live, you'd say the street name or neighborhood name. And, if needed, the street address as above.
Apartment buildings often have names, but, in my experience, they're rarely used outside real estate listings.