I think the world you're talking about would be the intra country comparison which bears out what your saying.
What the article is talking about is intercountry comparisons where, for instance, India as a nation now spends a lot more than it used to, and seeing as how they used to have nothing it means they probably have something now.
If one is of a certain age, of course they studied for step I without it
and the classic method was the inspiration for Anki to begin with: making your own flashcards on index cards! You could do a version of spaced repetition by shuffling the deck.
Not sure the digital version is actually easier or more effective
my partner got shingles a couple years ago, it was a very painful experience!
(to be crystal clear, I am making a joke equating the failed SolarCity/Tesla solar shingles to the (generally considered very painful) Herpes Zoster manifestation also called "shingles")
How's that? You give people enough money for food and shelter for a while and they have food and shelter while you're giving them that money?
It says nothing about what happened 5 years after the participants stopped getting the money.
And I'll remind you that giving money to people directly instead of creating complex government programs is exactly what Reagan wanted in the 1960s when a lot of the programs started--so must be a suspect idea
And--not defending the loud guy--but my dad is a loud guy. He's in his eighties and he can't hear shit. He watches the news at a horrendous level, sometimes the TV buzzes.
Not everyone is just an asshole.
That being said, my dad might just leave it turned up, too. He lives in his home alone, though, so I'm not sure.
This makes me wonder if that line "I only got so many heart beats, I'm not going to waste them running" has some validity
--
I thought Satchel Paige said it, but apparently not. He did say "I generally don’t like running. I believe in training by rising gently up and down from the bench. "
Which also fits the "don't prematurely age the stem cells"
Good question, but needs to be worked through more.
Consider an average person's 72/min resting heartbeat. That will be (726024365.25=) 37,869,120 heartbeats per year or ~379 million/decade.
Now, add strenuous running or cycling 5 hours/week, maybe a 10mi run, and a bunch of 20-60 minute runs. Call that average 180 beats/minute. That adds ((180-72)30052=) 1,684,800 beats/year, or +16 million per decade.
The average person's 37,869,120 beats/yr divided by the exercising person's 27,349,920 yields a ratio of 1.3846. So, based on heartbeat count alone, the exerciser will live 38% longer.
BUT, this kind of training will dramatically reduce the resting heartbeat. Training far less than this, my resting heartrate declined into the high-40s-low-50s, and has remained consistent for decades of mostly maintenance training. Most recent six month average is 52 beats/min. with far less than 5hr/week training, but let's use that. That means the resting heartrate is 27,349,920 beats/year, plus the added 1,684,800 exercise beats, making it 29,034,720 beats/year or ~290 million beats per decade.
That means the exercising person 'spends' 8,834,400 FEWER* heartbeats per year, or saves 89 million heartbeats per decade.
It’s probably even more pronounced, since it’s unlikely that someone is going to _average_ 180bpm for their entire workout, especially as they get older.
And that level of workout will probably produce an even significantly lower resting heart rate than the 52 I cited. And for the top endurance athletes in distance running, cycling, nordic skiing, although they might spend 10+ hours/week at threshold or some training zone, so double those extra 'exercsie beats', they also often have resting heartrates in the low 40s/minute, which will yield an even greater lifespan if it is measured in heartbeate.
Even if this line is true, and I am not saying that it is, running and other cardiovascular activities lower your resting heart rate [1]. So even if you believe that you only have a finite number of heart beats, running should in fact increase your lifespan.
Generic heart disease runs in the family. Every male in my family basically dies of it, it doesn't matter how fit they are or how much they lift or run. Hasn't mattered. This goes back 5 or 6 generations.
Cells have thresholds for what's considered to be a "good" stressor or a "bad" stressor.
Alcohol was thought to be hormetic for a long time (though, it maybe/probably isn't?) as it was thought that low doses could be beneficial with high doses obviously bad.
Exercise is thought to be hormetic and there's quite a lot of research supporting that.
Do you know if running causes a person to have more or less heartbeats in a given time span? I'm not particularly medically knowledgeable and not sure.
And are a paraphrase of even older words:
"From everyone who has been given much, much will be demanded; and from the one who has been entrusted with much, much more will be asked." ~30AD
And probably even older than that.