People seem to be getting stuck on the PhD opportunity cost piece for STEM. The matter of fact is that Americans don't do PhDs in STEM: if you look at the top schools and top departments, they are 70-90% international students. The PhD then is a phenomenal deal: by and large people are coming from places where FAANG jobs don't just fall on your lap at SF salaries. You get a free education in the US, and can jump straight into the job market as top-educated talent.
Also I think from NSF stats STEM PhDs are on a slow and upward trend, unlike the countries mentioned in the article.
Your numbers are way off…number of American citizen or permanent resident divided by number of doctorates awarded:
35,566 / 57862 = 61.5% (overall)
26,622 / 45,533 = 58.5% (stem PhDs)
Survey of earned doctorates, national center for educational statistics, 2023 data…very useful, as are many of the data products the federal government collects, for however long this is up
I'd say it's not that off: for computer science the numbers are 686/1150, so only about 40% are US citizens or PRs. This is even more scewed at top schools in my experience.
Also thanks for finding this data, didn't know it existed!
Fully agree on minimizing the use of cars. But I still wanted to do this computation to compare:
EPA says a gallon produces 8.8 kg CO2/gal tailpipe emissions [0]. A best-case sedan does about 50 mi/gal [1]. That's 17.6 kg CO2/100 mi for a best case sedan.
A Tesla Model 3 uses about 25 kWh/100 mi [2]. 1 kWh produces about 1 kg CO2 when produced in the dirtiest way (coal), but in the US it's currently about 0.4 kg CO2/kWh on average [4]. That gives you 10-25 kg CO2/100 mi.
So the best case ICE is better only if you are producing the electricity from coal (even gas power is better than ICE). The nice thing about EVs is that you can often charge them with the cleanest power (e.g. solar), but I'm not sure how common that optimization is.
CO2 emissions from the gasoline does not account for the energy necessary to refine the oil to produce it. These days refineries use electricity for that so if that comes from a coal plant, it adds like 25% of CO2 emission. So the best sedan is pretty much equivalent in the carbon emission to Tesla when that car uses electricity from an old coal plant with 30% efficiency.
A paper about LLMs for Mathematicians written by four authors, none of whom seem to be actual mathematicians? (At least based on a quick scroll through their past arXiv papers, they seem like ML researchers.)
Just call it LLMs for ML Researchers, but then it doesn't sound anywhere as exciting?
I started with the first author on this paper, Simon Frieder, and found his page: he's a postdoc mathematician (and ML researcher) at Oxford. I don't think this was a particularly sharp critique.
As a data point: you can get an RTX 3090 for ~$1.2k and it runs deepseek-r1:32b perfectly fine via Ollama + open webui at ~35 tok/s in an OpenAI-like web app and basically as fast as 4o.
Depends on what you're using time for. If you are doing advanced anti-jamming for comms for instance, you want extremely accurate timing (more accurate means you can frequency hop faster and do better anti-jamming).
I think this is a peculiarity of the short-term travel eSIM providers (like Airalo). If I recall correctly, when I went to Bermuda, the Airalo eSIM would route the traffic through Isle of Man. They have some of the most odd agreements with random telecoms to get coverage and cheap rates.
Partly I think it's skirting around local regulations (e.g. if a country required SIMs to be registered with the owner's information, but you provision the SIM from a nearby country's telco and route traffic through there maybe you can get around it).
But as far as I understand this has nothing to do with eSIMs and a lot to do with Airalo trying to cover every corner of the world for cheap.
Young people (and really any working age people) just really don't have that much time, energy, and (mostly importantly) money to dedicate to impacting election and legislative results. When you're working age you have more imminent things to worry about, but the matter of fact is that it's mostly retired people who think the world is going to s*t whose voices are heard the loudest.
Of course you can say it's a question of priorities and it's "their fault" for not being politically active, but I would argue the system is stacked against young people's political participation.
Also, most places in the US have minimum age limits for elected positions.
What are the demographics that don't vote and how do they compare to your current status (financials, privileges, etc) in life? Be data driven and get back to me.
Fairly bad locations, average pay. It's not like the newer Japanese towns chip towns where you can get on a train and be in a proper city (ex. 40 min ride from Chitose to Sapporo), with okay pay as well. If pay was really good, it wouldn't matter, but selling this dream to a university grad is a bit hard in the US. I still hope it pans out though, cause NA manufacturing revival would be great. It's just the odds are against it so far.
Also I think from NSF stats STEM PhDs are on a slow and upward trend, unlike the countries mentioned in the article.