While it's not an exact parallel, core collapse supernovas unleash large amounts of neutrinos. These are detectable on Earth even before the light from the supernova explosion reaches us. This was the case with SN 1987a, where about 2-3 hours before the visible light reached Earth, neutrinos from the event were detected [0].
In the intervening years, we've actually build a "network" of neutrino observatories that cooperate and share event data, called SNEWS (SuperNova Early Warning System) [1], that will (hopefully) give us a little warning before the next major supernova event.
More to the point, the neutrinos don't interact with anything on the way out of the star. They are generated at the core an leave at c. The light is a product of the shock wave reaching the surface, which happens a long time later, basically because the speed of sound in any reasonable medium is a lot less than the speed of light.
The article mentions that the event was possibly recorded in the form of petroglyphs[1]. I think that's a fascinating idea, and it reminded me of Dr. Anthony Peratt's[2] research on the recording of prehistoric auroral events, also in the form of petroglyphs[3].
Not heard about this, are there any other signs from supernova we have detected on Earth?