I'm reasonably sure this is because of the light grey check hover effect you have. I can reproduce on Nexus 7/Chrome in exactly the same way. I get the same effect on my laptop by leaving the cursor over the checkbox after unchecking - although then it's obvious because I've already seen the hover state.
My guess is mobile Chrome is using the hover effect to denote selected - which I guess kinda makes sense. I'd probably just disable that hover style altogether to be honest, Bootstrap doesn't use one and I think that's better.