> The eukaryotes invented organization, if we use the literal definition of “organize”: to be furnished with organs
I write about organisations, and I had never considered that! I wonder if that fits with the historical bias towards functional organisation. (And functionalism in sociology, but I undestand that to be discredited now)
The first cell with a surviving lineage to get organised. There could have been countless other 'attempts' that, for one reason or another, failed to get established, or died out before they could leave a trace in the fossil record.
"At some point, in a sequel to mitochondrial capture, a eukaryote engulfed a cyanobacterium capable of photosynthesis... green organelles called chloroplasts, evolved into plants and other photosynthesizers."
Chloroplasts are only one type of plastid; this process occurred far more than once.
So did multi-celled life evolve several times independently among the original eukaryotes if some gained chloroplasts or mitochondria before being multi-cellular?
> However, complex multicellular organisms evolved only in six eukaryotic groups: animals, symbiomycotan fungi, brown algae, red algae, green algae, and land plants. It evolved repeatedly for Chloroplastida (green algae and land plants), once for animals, once for brown algae, three times in the fungi (chytrids, ascomycetes, and basidiomycetes) and perhaps several times for slime molds and red algae.
Yes! It evolved at least 25 times (that we know of). Animals, plants, algae, fungi, etc. all invented multicellularity independently and in many of those groups did so multiple times.
Cells are predominately electrical in nature. Our sense of physical being is an emergent effect of electromagnetic repulsion at the atomic level. The smaller you get, the less sense it makes to model things as solid and the more sense to model things as charge fields. Modeling proteins and molecules is largely about modeling their electric field.
Quantum mechanics get outsized attention as the “small scale” world. The electrical exists just above it in size, but is much more relevant to how we perceive reality.
https://impacts.to/downloads/lowres/impacts.pdf#page=12