As an LLVM developer, I really wish the author filed a bug report and waited for some analysis BEFORE publishing an article (that may never get amended) that recommends not using this keyword with clang for performance reasons. I suspect there's just a bug in clang.
Coincidentally, I happened to be playing around yesterday with a small performance test case using uniform_real_distribution, and for some strange reason Clang was 6x slower than GCC.
I put it down to some weird clang bug on my LTS version of Ubuntu. As my installed version was clang-14, I decided it possibly had been noticed and fixed a long time ago.
After reading your message I replaced uniform_real_distribution by uniform_int_distribution, and lo and behold, Clang was indeed faster than GCC, as expected.
Thank you for coming back to me with your findings.